{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T06:41:58Z","timestamp":1791009718838,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p> Thymic epithelial tumors (TET) are rare epithelial neoplasms of the thymus with considerable histologic heterogeneity. This retrospective study focused on the correlation of WHO-defined TET histotypes with survival and tumor recurrence in a large cohort of patients receiving different modes of treatment. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> Two hundred twenty-eight patients were followed for up to 21 years (median, 60 months; range, 1 to 252 months) after primary surgery. Forty-two patients received adjuvant radiotherapy (mean dose, 53 Gy), and 33 patients recieved adjuvant chemotherapy. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Seventy-six (88%) of 86 patients with WHO type A, AB, and B1 thymomas were treated by surgery alone, with three tumor relapses after 3 to 10 years (median, 3.4 years). Twelve of 67 patients with WHO type B2 and B3 thymomas in Masaoka stages I and II were treated by adjuvant radiotherapy without evidence of tumor recurrence after 1 to 12 years (median, 4 years). Among 75 patients with B2 and B3 thymomas with incomplete resection or a tumor stage III or higher, the recurrence rate was 34% (n = 23) after 0.5 to 17 years (median, 5 years) in patients receiving adjuvant radiochemotherapy, compared to 78% (seven of nine patients) in patients without adjuvant radiochemotherapy. Incomplete tumor resection was associated with a high recurrence rate (65%) and a poor prognosis (P &lt; .01). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> The long-term outcome of TET patients is related to tumor stage, WHO histotype, completeness of surgical removal, and type of treatment. Prospective trials are warranted to formally address the efficacy of adjuvant therapy in the treatment of localized and advanced malignant TETs. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2004.10.113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,15]],"date-time":"2004-04-15T00:10:03Z","timestamp":1081987803000},"page":"1501-1509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":262,"title":["Tumor Recurrence and Survival in Patients Treated for Thymomas and Thymic Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Retrospective Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Philipp","family":"Str\u00f6bel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Pathology, Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg; Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster; Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Mainz; Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Pathology, Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg; Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster; Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Mainz; Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Puppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Pathology, Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg; Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster; Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Mainz; Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Til","family":"Kraushaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Pathology, Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg; Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster; Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Mainz; Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Krein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Pathology, Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg; Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster; Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Mainz; Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Toyka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Pathology, Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg; Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster; Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Mainz; Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Pathology, Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg; Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster; Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Mainz; Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Semik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Pathology, Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg; Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster; Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Mainz; Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Pathology, Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg; Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster; Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Mainz; Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfred","family":"Nix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Pathology, Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg; Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster; Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Mainz; Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berthold","family":"Schalke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Pathology, Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg; Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster; Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Mainz; Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans Konrad","family":"M\u00fcller-Hermelink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Pathology, Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg; Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster; Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Mainz; Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Pathology, Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg; Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Neurology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster; Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Mainz; Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Sperling B, Marschall J, Kennedy R, et al: Thymoma: A review of the clinical and pathological findings in 65 cases. Can J Surg 46:37,2003-42,"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(88)80289-2"},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"Pan CC, Chen WY, Chiang H, et al: A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in thymoma. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 56:120,1995-124,"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940715)74:2<606::AID-CNCR2820740212>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/112.3.308"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10665"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okumura M, Ohta M, Miyoshi S, et al: Oncological significance of WHO histological thymoma classification. A clinical study based on 286 patients. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 50 189,2002-194,","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03032284"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10255"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suster S, Moran CA: Primary thymic epithelial neoplasms showing combined features of thymoma and thymic carcinoma: A clinicopathologic study of 22 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 20 1469,1996-1480,","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199612000-00006"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.1994.tb02936.x"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.9.3093"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10226"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200212000-00008"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(03)00798-0"},{"key":"R16","unstructured":"Whooley BP, Urschel JD, Antkowiak JG, et al: A 25-year thymoma treatment review. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 19:3,2000-5,"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199212000-00003"},{"key":"R18","unstructured":"Agrawal S, Datta NR, Mishra SK, et al: Adjuvant therapy in invasive thymoma: An audit of cases treated over an 8 year period. Indian J Cancer 36:46,1999-56,"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.5.1473"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690773"},{"key":"R21","unstructured":"Chahinian AP: Chemotherapy of thymomas and thymic carcinomas. Chest Surg Clin N Am 11:447,2001-456,"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00555-1"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03218184"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-002-0597-6"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(97)70399-4"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10373"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981015)83:8<1495::AID-CNCR4>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CNV-120023772"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03828-6"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00819-1"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01020-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1200\/JCO.2004.10.113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T20:28:20Z","timestamp":1653510500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/10.1200\/JCO.2004.10.113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,15]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1200\/JCO.2004.10.113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.2004.10.113","relation":{},"ISSN":["0732-183X","1527-7755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0732-183X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-7755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,15]]}}}