{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:51:56Z","timestamp":1791229916307,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p> To determine whether weight prior to diagnosis and weight gain after diagnosis are predictive of breast cancer survival. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> Patients included 5,204 Nurses' Health Study participants diagnosed with incident, invasive, nonmetastatic breast cancer between 1976 and 2000; 860 total deaths, 533 breast cancer deaths, and 681 recurrences (defined as secondary lung, brain, bone, or liver cancer, and death from breast cancer) accrued to 2002. We computed the change in body mass index (BMI) from before to the first BMI reported \u2265 12 months after the date of diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations of categories of BMI before diagnosis and of BMI change with time to event. We stratified by smoking, menopausal status, and breast cancer\u2013related variables. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> In multivariate-adjusted analyses, weight before diagnosis was positively associated with breast cancer recurrence and death, but this was apparent only in never smokers. Similarly, among never-smoking women, those who gained between 0.5 and 2.0 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (median gain, 6.0 lb; relative risk [RR], 1.35; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.95) or more than 2.0 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (median gain, 17.0 lb; RR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.51) after diagnosis had an elevated risk of breast cancer death during follow-up (median, 9 years), compared with women who maintained their weight (test for linear trend, P = .03). Associations with weight were stronger in premenopausal than in postmenopausal women. Similar findings were noted for breast cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> Weight and weight gain were related to higher rates of breast cancer recurrence and mortality, but associations were most apparent in never-smoking women. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2005.01.079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]],"date-time":"2005-02-01T01:25:19Z","timestamp":1107221119000},"page":"1370-1378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":534,"title":["Weight, Weight Gain, and Survival After Breast Cancer Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Candyce H.","family":"Kroenke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School; and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School; and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Rosner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School; and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle D.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School; and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.20.4.1128"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008842613331"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-1-199401010-00004"},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"Obermair A, Kurz C, Hanzal E, et al: The influence of obesity on the disease-free survival in primary breast cancer. Anticancer Res 15:2265,1995-2269,"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.3.484"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950715)76:2<275::AID-CNCR2820760218>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1990.8.8.1327"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(20000520)89:3<293::AID-IJC13>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010815)92:4<720::AID-CNCR1375>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djg060"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"Lee CW, Norris B, Moravan V, et al: Does body mass index influence the effectiveness of adjuvant tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early stage breast cancer? Breast Cancer Res Treat 82: 2003 (suppl, abstr 309)"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00665785"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1994.422"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1988.274"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.07.057"},{"key":"R16","unstructured":"Judd HL, Shamonki IM, Frumar AM, et al: Origin of serum estradiol in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol 59:680,1982-686,"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/45.1.277"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10209"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19990702)82:1<23::AID-IJC5>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.03.008"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.11.3000"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/152460902760277886"},{"key":"R23","unstructured":"Rose DP, Royak-Schaler R: Tumor biology and prognosis in black breast cancer patients: A review. Cancer Detect Prev 25:16,2001-31,"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116340"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/82.21.1684"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.9.2381"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.1.120"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1993.11.7.1418"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.9.2659"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005721720840"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198902233200802"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11227"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(99)00298-9"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01886732"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910401)67:7<1954::AID-CNCR2820670722>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"R36","unstructured":"Bonomi P, Bunting N, Fishman D, et al: Weight gain during adjuvant chemotherapy or hormono-chemotherapy for stage II breast cancer evaluated in relation to disease free survival (DFS). Breast Cancer Res Treat 4:339,1984,  (abstr)"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01805994"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010874"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113804"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199011000-00009"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cox D: Regression models and life-tables. J Royal Stat Soc B 34:187,1972-220,","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780070122"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.3.167"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.10.950"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(03)00034-3"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117592"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmberg L, Lund E, Bergstrom R, et al: Oral contraceptives and prognosis in breast cancer: Effects of duration, latency, recency, age at first use and relation to parity and body mass index in young women with breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 30A:351,1994-354,","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(94)90255-0"},{"key":"R48","unstructured":"Boyd NF, Campbell JE, Germanson T, et al: Body weight and prognosis in breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 67:785,1981-789,"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114305"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910420302"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-1-26"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910590312"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198611203152101"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90420-C"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.10.761"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509143331101"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.51.3.153"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.079","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T20:50:51Z","timestamp":1653511851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.079"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.2005.01.079","relation":{},"ISSN":["0732-183X","1527-7755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0732-183X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-7755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]}}}