{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:30:37Z","timestamp":1790872237892,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Molecular imaging represents tissue-specific imaging and quantification of physiologic (functional) and molecular events in tumors utilizing new noninvasive imaging modalities, radioligands, and contrast agents. It combines anatomic, physiologic, and metabolic information in a single imaging session. Molecular imaging relies on the ability to target genes and proteins that are linked directly or indirectly to human disease. New imaging biomarkers are being developed. In addition, functional and molecular imaging can potentially replace anatomic longitudinal studies by assessing treatment response earlier. Vascular targeting agents can be evaluated by imaging of tumor angiogenesis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography and ultrasound, and positron emission tomography (PET). Targeted contrast agents can accomplish site-directed imaging or therapy by a variety of active and passive mechanisms. Furthermore, there is the possibility of combining different modalities such as ultrasonic imaging and MRI or MRI and PET to increase the flexibility unachievable with either modality alone. However, there is a need to standardize these techniques so that longitudinal evaluation of tumor response to treatment is feasible. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2006.06.6159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T22:27:51Z","timestamp":1152311271000},"page":"3299-3308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["New Technologies and Directed Agents for Applications of Cancer Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Atri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Floyd E, McShane TM: Development and use of biomarkers in oncology drug development. Toxicol Pathol 32:106,2004-115,","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230490425021"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069492"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.219.2.r01ma19316"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10390"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2223010531"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"Tatum JL, Hoffman JM: Congressional update: Report from the Biomedical Imaging Program of the National Cancer Institute\u2014Imaging drug development. Acad Radiol 7:1007,2000-1008,"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/82.1.4"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/37126"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81848-6"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.6.1656"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-7754(01)90047-8"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.39.25404"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0595"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199802)184:2<119::AID-PATH17>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rak JW, St Croix BD, Kerbel RS: Consequences of angiogenesis for tumor progression, metastasis and cancer therapy. Anticancer Drugs 6:3,1995-18,","DOI":"10.1097\/00001813-199502000-00001"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haroon ZA, Peters KG, Greenberg CS, et al: Angiogenesis and oxygen transport in solid tumors . In: Teicher B (ed): Antiangiogenic agents in cancer therapy. Totowa, NJ, Humana Press Inc, 1999, pp 3-21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59259-453-5_1"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.1.9"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.196.2.7617854"},{"key":"R19","unstructured":"Bose S, Lesser ML, Norton L, et al: Immunophenotype of intraductal carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 120:81,1996-85,"},{"key":"R20","unstructured":"Gasparini G, Toi M, Miceli R, et al: Clinical relevance of vascular endothelial growth factor and thymidine phosphorylase in patients with node-positive breast cancer treated with either adjuvant chemotherapy or hormone therapy. Cancer J Sci Am 5:101,1999-111,"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970822)74:4<455::AID-IJC17>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.9.3121"},{"key":"R23","unstructured":"Thorpe PE, Chaplin DJ, Blakey DC: The first international conference on vascular targeting: Meeting overview. Cancer Res 63:1144,2003-1147,"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2001.0762"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rak JW, Yuh WT, Kerbel RS: Consequences of angiogenesis for tumor progression, metastasis and cancer therapy. Anticancer Drugs 6:3,1996-18,","DOI":"10.1097\/00001813-199502000-00001"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880070302"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.205.3.9393545"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(00)00259-0"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(199909)10:3<260::AID-JMRI6>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07357909809039771"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.72.857.10505003"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.211.1.r99ap38101"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880070318"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.218.2.r01ja04365"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880070113"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0730-725X(93)90002-U"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.170.3.2916021"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.193.3.7972823"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.188.2.8327700"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.168.5.9129437"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.1999.0327"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(199909)10:3<295::AID-JMRI10>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(199909)10:3<277::AID-JMRI8>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.207.3.9609906"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knopp MV, Brix G, Junkermann HJ, et al: MR mammography with pharmacokinetic mapping for monitoring of breast cancer treatment during neoadjuvant therapy. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2:633,1994-658,","DOI":"10.1016\/S1064-9689(21)00131-8"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200012)12:6<1027::AID-JMRI31>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.217.2.r00nv02385"},{"key":"R49","unstructured":"Hawighorst H, Weikel W, Knapstein PG, et al: Angiogenic activity of cervical carcinoma: Assessment by functional magnetic resonance imaging-based parameters and a histomorphological approach in correlation with disease outcome. Clin Cancer Res 4:2305,1998-2312,"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)85090-0"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.05.102"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-8051(00)00136-0"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaney RP, Lammertsma AA, Jones T, et al: Positron emission tomography for in-vivo measurement of regional blood flow, oxygen utilisation, and blood volume in patients with breast carcinoma. Lancet 1:131,1984-134,","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90063-1"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410140604"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00367239"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0901-987"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02482-X"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(00)80632-7"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(02)00386-6"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(99)00012-1"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.74.882.740552"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2000.11740700"},{"key":"R63","unstructured":"Beyer T, Townsend DW, Brun T, et al: A combined PET\/CT scanner for clinical oncology. J Nucl Med 41:1369,2000-1379,"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm988"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(00)80631-5"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005992916193"},{"key":"R67","unstructured":"Gee MS, Saunders HM, Lee JC, et al: Doppler ultrasound imaging detects changes in tumor perfusion during antivascular therapy associated with vascular anatomic alterations. Cancer Res 61:2974,2001-2982,"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2222010660"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8175.2003.03093.x"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2003.11.001"},{"key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/73219"},{"key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.175.2.2326475"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10134"},{"key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2252011605"},{"key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200012)12:6<899::AID-JMRI13>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2221010225"},{"key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300101130"},{"key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022749"},{"key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1047403"},{"key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10174"},{"key":"R81","unstructured":"Winter PM, Caruthers SD, Kassner A, et al: Molecular imaging of angiogenesis in nascent Vx-2 rabbit tumors using a novel alpha(nu)beta3-targeted nanoparticle and 1.5 tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer Res 63:5838,2003-5843,"},{"key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2001.113989"},{"key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.347"},{"key":"R84","unstructured":"Beshara N, Fung Kee Fung M, Faught W: The role of topotecan as second-line therapy in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 23:287,2002-290,"},{"key":"R85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460500400512"},{"key":"R86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201043376544"},{"key":"R87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302278"},{"key":"R88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05904-9"},{"key":"R89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(01)00739-1"},{"key":"R90","unstructured":"Bao S, Thrall BD, Miller D: MRX 501: A novel ultrasound contrast agent with therapeutic properties. Acad Radiol 23:953,1998-959,"},{"key":"R91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Unger EC, McCreery T, Sweitzer R, et al: MRX 501: A novel ultrasound contrast agent with therapeutic properties. Acad Radiol  5 Suppl 1:S247,1998-S249,","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(98)80119-0"},{"key":"R92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-199812000-00007"},{"key":"R93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.13.1264"},{"key":"R94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(97)00025-2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.6159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T21:20:20Z","timestamp":1653513620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.6159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,10]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.6159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.2006.06.6159","relation":{},"ISSN":["0732-183X","1527-7755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0732-183X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-7755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,10]]}}}