{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T12:14:52Z","timestamp":1771676092119,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"31","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p> Although many studies have demonstrated that smoking, alcohol, obesity, and insulin resistance are risk factors for cancer, the role of those factors on cancer survival has been less studied. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> The study participants were 14,578 men with a first cancer derived from a cohort of 901,979 male government employees and teachers who participated in a national health examination program in 1996. We obtained mortality data for those years from the Korean Statistical Office. We used a standard Poisson regression model to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for survival in relation to smoking, alcohol, obesity, and insulin resistance before diagnosis. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Poor survival of all cancer combined (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.33), cancer of the lung (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.82), and cancer of the liver (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.53) were significantly associated with smoking. Compared with the nondrinker, heavy drinkers had worse outcomes for head and neck (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.79) and liver (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.41) cancer, with dose-dependent relationships. Patients with a fasting serum glucose level above 126 mg\/dL had a higher mortality rate for stomach (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.84) and lung (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.87) cancer. Higher body mass index was significantly associated with longer survival in head and neck (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.74) and esophagus (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.68) cancer. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> Prediagnosis risk factors for cancer development (smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and insulin resistance) had a statistically significant effect on survival among male cancer patients. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2006.07.0243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,30]],"date-time":"2006-10-30T23:23:20Z","timestamp":1162250600000},"page":"5017-5024","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":232,"title":["Impact of Prediagnosis Smoking, Alcohol, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance on Survival in Male Cancer Patients: National Health Insurance Corporation Study"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sang Min","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Research Institute for National Cancer Control and Evaluation, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi; and National Health Insurance Corporation, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Kyung","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Research Institute for National Cancer Control and Evaluation, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi; and National Health Insurance Corporation, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soon Ae","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Research Institute for National Cancer Control and Evaluation, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi; and National Health Insurance Corporation, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Ho","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Research Institute for National Cancer Control and Evaluation, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi; and National Health Insurance Corporation, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdp.2004.08.006"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0236"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199712113372401"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CACO.0000016573.79453.ba"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20529"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer: Handbooks of Cancer Prevention.  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