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During the past 15 years, organ preservation by trimodality treatment has been investigated in prospective series from single centers and cooperative groups, with more than 1,000 patients included. Five-year overall survival rates in the range of 50% to 60% have been reported, and approximately three quarters of the surviving patients maintained their bladder. Clinical criteria helpful in determining ideal patients for bladder preservation include early tumor stage (including high-risk T1 disease), a visibly complete TURBT, and absence of ureteral obstruction. Close coordination among all disciplines is required to achieve optimal results. Future investigations will focus on (1) optimizing radiation techniques and incorporating more effective systemic chemotherapy, and (2) the proper selection of patients based on molecular makers. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2006.07.6729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,8]],"date-time":"2006-12-08T23:38:48Z","timestamp":1165621128000},"page":"5536-5544","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Trimodality Treatment and Selective Organ Preservation for Bladder Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Claus","family":"R\u00f6del","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-004-9195-y"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03400070069037"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1993.11.11.2150"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(90)90497-8"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.3.1022"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90306-G"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.1.119"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.11.3576"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62379-6"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.5-6-471"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00718-1"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(90)90498-9"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(90)90449-T"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80262-3"},{"key":"R15","unstructured":"Housset M, Dufour B, Maulard-Durdux C, et al: Concomitant fluorouracil (5-FU)-cisplatin (CDDP) and bifractionated split course radiation therapy (BSCRT) for invasive bladder cancer. 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