{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:16:47Z","timestamp":1791037007096,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"25","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p> Earlier studies have shown that endogenous gonadal hormones play an important role in the etiology of breast cancer among BRCA1\/2 mutation carriers. So far, little is known about the safety of exogenous hormonal use in mutation carriers. In this study, we examined the association between oral contraceptive use and risk of breast cancer among BRCA1\/2 carriers. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> In the International BRCA1\/2 Carrier Cohort study (IBCCS), a retrospective cohort of 1,593 BRCA1\/2 mutation carriers was analyzed with a weighted Cox regression analysis. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> We found an increased risk of breast cancer for BRCA1\/2 mutation carriers who ever used oral contraceptives (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.87). HRs did not vary according to time since stopping use, age at start, or calendar year at start. However, a longer duration of use, especially before first full-term pregnancy, was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer for both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (4 or more years of use before first full-term pregnancy: HR = 1.49 [95% CI, 1.05 to 2.11] for BRCA1 carriers and HR = 2.58 [95% CI, 1.21 to 5.49] for BRCA2 carriers). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> No evidence was found among BRCA1\/2 mutation carriers that current use of oral contraceptives is associated with risk of breast cancer more strongly than is past use, as is found in the general population. However, duration of use, especially before first full-term pregnancy, may be associated with an increasing risk of breast cancer among both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2007.11.1179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,17]],"date-time":"2007-07-17T00:45:00Z","timestamp":1184633100000},"page":"3831-3836","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk in the International <i>BRCA1\/2<\/i> Carrier Cohort Study: A Report From EMBRACE, GENEPSO, GEO-HEBON, and the IBCCS Collaborating Group"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Brohet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Goldgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas F.","family":"Easton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonis C.","family":"Antoniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Andrieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Chang-Claude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Peock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalind A.","family":"Eeles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Nogu\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Lasset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascaline","family":"Berthet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Meijers-Heijboer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Gerdes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trinidad","family":"Caldes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flora E.","family":"van Leeuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti A.","family":"Rookus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology; Free University, Amsterdam; Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, Lyon; Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U794 et Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Curie, Paris; Centre Ren\u00e9 Huguenin, Saint Cloud; Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/301749"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375033"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012158"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020119"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90806-5"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808133390702"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh284"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602239"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70983-4"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107263450401"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"Ursin G, Henderson BE, Haile RW, et al: Does oral contraceptive use increase the risk of breast cancer in women with BRCA1\/BRCA2 mutations more than in other women? 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