{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T23:25:59Z","timestamp":1793229959725,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p> To investigate the safety and clinical utility of the sentinel node procedure in early-stage vulvar cancer patients. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> A multicenter observational study on sentinel node detection using radioactive tracer and blue dye was performed in patients with T1\/2 (&lt; 4 cm) squamous cell cancer of the vulva. When the sentinel node was found to be negative at pathologic ultrastaging, inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy was omitted, and the patient was observed with follow-up for 2 years at intervals of every 2 months. Stopping rules were defined for the occurrence of groin recurrences. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> From March 2000 until June 2006, a sentinel node procedure was performed in 623 groins of 403 assessable patients. In 259 patients with unifocal vulvar disease and a negative sentinel node (median follow-up time, 35 months), six groin recurrences were diagnosed (2.3%; 95% CI, 0.6% to 5%), and 3-year survival rate was 97% (95% CI, 91% to 99%). Short-term morbidity was decreased in patients after sentinel node dissection only when compared with patients with a positive sentinel node who underwent inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy (wound breakdown in groin: 11.7% v 34.0%, respectively; P &lt; .0001; and cellulitis: 4.5% v 21.3%, respectively; P &lt; .0001). Long-term morbidity also was less frequently observed after removal of only the sentinel node compared with sentinel node removal and inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy (recurrent erysipelas: 0.4% v 16.2%, respectively; P &lt; .0001; and lymphedema of the legs: 1.9% v 25.2%, respectively; P &lt; .0001). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> In early-stage vulvar cancer patients with a negative sentinel node, the groin recurrence rate is low, survival is excellent, and treatment-related morbidity is minimal. We suggest that sentinel node dissection, performed by a quality-controlled multidisciplinary team, should be part of the standard treatment in selected patients with early-stage vulvar cancer. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2007.14.0566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,16]],"date-time":"2008-02-16T03:06:02Z","timestamp":1203131162000},"page":"884-889","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":714,"title":["Sentinel Node Dissection Is Safe in the Treatment of Early-Stage Vulvar Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ate G.J.","family":"Van der Zee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; VU University Medical Center; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht; Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maaike H.","family":"Oonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; VU University Medical Center; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht; Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne A.","family":"De Hullu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; VU University Medical Center; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht; Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca C.","family":"Ansink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; VU University Medical Center; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht; Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignace","family":"Vergote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; VU University Medical Center; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht; Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 H.","family":"Verheijen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; VU University Medical Center; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht; Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Maggioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; VU University Medical Center; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht; Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja N.","family":"Gaarenstroom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; VU University Medical Center; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht; Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; VU University Medical Center; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht; Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonore B.","family":"Van Dorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; VU University Medical Center; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht; Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacobus","family":"Van der Velden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; VU University Medical Center; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht; Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph H.","family":"Hermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; VU University Medical Center; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht; Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"van der Putten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen; 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