{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:10:06Z","timestamp":1791576606430,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this article is to describe the features, treatment, and risk factors for relapse of children with mature teratoma (MT) and immature teratoma (IT) to assist future treatment plans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were younger than 16 years of age and referred to the UK Children's Cancer Study Group centers with biopsy-proven extracranial MT and IT and no prior chemotherapy. Complete excision, with the coccyx in sacrococcygeal patients, and follow-up, including serum alpha-fetoprotein monitoring for early detection of malignant yolk sac tumor (YST) recurrence, were recommended. Carboplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin (JEB) were given for YST relapse, whereas relapsed MT and IT were treated at clinicians\u2019 discretion, usually surgically. Pathology was reviewed and treatments, outcome, and prognostic features assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 351 patients, 227 with MT, 124 with IT. Tumor sites were: testis (n = 53), ovary (n = 130), sacrococcygeal region (n = 98), thorax (n = 23), and other (n = 47). Surgical resection was incomplete in 26% of MT and 40% of IT patients; 5-year event-free survival was 92.2% and 85.9%, respectively, and 5-year overall survival was 99% and 95.1%. Poorer outcome occurred with incomplete resection, tumor rupture, nongonadal site (particularly sacrococcygeal), young age, higher stage and grade, and gliomatosis peritonei, but not with cyst fluid aspiration\/spillage, tumor enucleation, nodal gliomatosis, or microfoci of YST in the tumor (Heifetz lesions). JEB was effective for YST recurrence, but not for MT or IT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment remains primarily surgical, with JEB chemotherapy for YST relapse. No definite response followed JEB for pure MT and IT. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery for sacrococcygeal patients is not advocated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2008.16.0622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,9]],"date-time":"2008-06-09T21:09:42Z","timestamp":1213045782000},"page":"3590-3597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Mature and Immature Extracranial Teratomas in Children: The UK Children's Cancer Study Group Experience"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jillian R.","family":"Mann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pediatric Oncology, Histopathology, Pediatric Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham; Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Aberdeen; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Belfast; The Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group Data Centre and University of Leicester, Leicester; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Royal Victoria..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pediatric Oncology, Histopathology, Pediatric Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham; Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Aberdeen; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Belfast; The Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group Data Centre and University of Leicester, Leicester; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Royal Victoria..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pediatric Oncology, Histopathology, Pediatric Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham; Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Aberdeen; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Belfast; The Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group Data Centre and University of Leicester, Leicester; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Royal Victoria..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faro","family":"Raafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pediatric Oncology, Histopathology, Pediatric Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham; Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Aberdeen; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Belfast; The Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group Data Centre and University of Leicester, Leicester; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Royal Victoria..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pediatric Oncology, Histopathology, Pediatric Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham; Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Aberdeen; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Belfast; The Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group Data Centre and University of Leicester, Leicester; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Royal Victoria..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary S.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pediatric Oncology, Histopathology, Pediatric Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham; Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Aberdeen; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Belfast; The Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group Data Centre and University of Leicester, Leicester; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Royal Victoria..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Gornall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pediatric Oncology, Histopathology, Pediatric Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham; Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Aberdeen; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Belfast; The Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group Data Centre and University of Leicester, Leicester; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Royal Victoria..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon N.","family":"Huddart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pediatric Oncology, Histopathology, Pediatric Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham; Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Aberdeen; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Belfast; The Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group Data Centre and University of Leicester, Leicester; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Royal Victoria..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliet P.","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pediatric Oncology, Histopathology, Pediatric Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham; Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Aberdeen; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Belfast; The Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group Data Centre and University of Leicester, Leicester; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Royal Victoria..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Oakhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pediatric Oncology, Histopathology, Pediatric Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham; Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Aberdeen; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Belfast; The Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group Data Centre and University of Leicester, Leicester; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Royal Victoria..."},{"name":"Deceased"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1043955"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199809000-00011"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Dehner LP: Gonadal and extragonadal germ cell neoplasms: Teratomas in childhood, in Finegold M, Benington JL (eds): Pathology of Neoplasia in Children and Adults . 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