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For different cancer sites, the level of information to inform the timing of lifestyle exposures and risk of disease onset or progression after diagnosis is often limited. For breast cancer, timing of some exposures, such as radiation, is particularly important. For other exposures, such as physical activity, higher levels may prevent onset and also improve survival. For colon cancer, study of precursor polyps has provided additional insight to timing. Extensive data indicate that physical activity reduces risk of colon cancer, and more limited data suggest that exposure after diagnosis improves survival. Dietary factors including folate and calcium may also reduce risk of onset. More limited data on prostate cancer point to obesity increasing risk of aggressive or advanced disease. Timing of change in lifestyle for change in risk of onset and for survival is important but understudied among patients with cancer. Counseling patients with cancer to increase physical activity and avoid weight gain may improve outcomes. Advice to family members on lifestyle may become increasingly important for breast and other cancers where family history is a strong risk factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2009.26.9324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,20]],"date-time":"2010-07-20T05:11:59Z","timestamp":1279602719000},"page":"4052-4057","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Time Course of Risk Factors in Cancer Etiology and Progression"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Esther K.","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA; and the Alvin J. 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