{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T13:29:13Z","timestamp":1793971753378,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p> To further clarify the relationship between total cholesterol and cancer, which remains unclear. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> We prospectively examined the association between total cholesterol and site-specific and all-cancer incidence among 1,189,719 Korean adults enrolled in the National Health Insurance Corporation who underwent a standardized biennial medical examination in 1992 to 1995 and were observed for 14 years until cancer diagnosis or death. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Over follow-up, 53,944 men and 24,475 women were diagnosed with a primary cancer. Compared with levels less than 160 mg\/dL, high total cholesterol (\u2265 240 mg\/dL) was positively associated with prostate cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.44; P trend = .001) and colon cancer (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.25; P trend = .05) in men and breast cancer in women (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.33; P trend = .03). Higher total cholesterol was associated with a lower incidence of liver cancer (men: HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.45; P trend &lt; .001; women: HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.39; P trend &lt; .001), stomach cancer (men: HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.93; P trend \u2264 .001; women: HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.97; P trend = .06), and, in men, lung cancer (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.96; P trend &lt; .001). Results for liver cancer were slightly attenuated after additional adjustment for liver enzyme levels and hepatitis B surface antigen status (men: HR, 0.60; P trend &lt; .001; women: HR, 0.46; P trend = .003) and exclusion of the first 10 years of follow-up (men: HR, 0.59; P trend &lt; .001; women: HR, 0.44; P trend &lt; .001). Total cholesterol was inversely associated with all-cancer incidence in both men (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.86; P trend &lt; .001) and women (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.95; P trend &lt; .001), but these associations were attenuated after excluding incident liver cancers (men: HR, 0.95; P trend &lt; .001; women: HR, 0.98; P trend = .32). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> In this large prospective study, we found that total cholesterol was associated with the risk of several different cancers, although these relationships differed markedly by cancer site. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2010.31.5200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,22]],"date-time":"2011-03-22T05:45:42Z","timestamp":1300772742000},"page":"1592-1598","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":346,"title":["Total Cholesterol and Cancer Risk in a Large Prospective Study in Korea"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Cari M.","family":"Kitahara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Berrington de Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neal D.","family":"Freedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Huxley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yejin","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Ha","family":"Jee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Samet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09327-3"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-35402"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2010.07.007"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-78818-0_10"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2009.03.001"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90056-X"},{"key":"B7","first-page":"452","volume":"48","author":"Schatzkin A","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/81.24.1917"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdn736"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24668"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-1248"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.12.070192.002135"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"3198","volume":"51","author":"Kritchevsky SB","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02841868809090316"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23191"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02841868809090315"},{"key":"B17","first-page":"2341","volume":"50","author":"Vatten LJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23715"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-009-9434-8"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0472"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20419"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0507"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6882.890"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440280120012"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(86)90034-2"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(92)90089-6"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpuro1295"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198612253152601"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00051352"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.19.2264"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01831377"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600267"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-009-9301-7"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000360130.52812.1D"},{"key":"B35","volume-title":"World Cancer Research Fund: Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective","year":"2007"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000087258"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.30.2.177"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-3-6"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.14.1773"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1200\/JCO.2010.31.5200","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:06:32Z","timestamp":1653523592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/10.1200\/JCO.2010.31.5200"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,20]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1200\/JCO.2010.31.5200"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.2010.31.5200","relation":{},"ISSN":["0732-183X","1527-7755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0732-183X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-7755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,20]]}}}