{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:35:58Z","timestamp":1790685358914,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the feasibility of administering carboplatin as a radiosensitizer during craniospinal radiation therapy (CSRT) to patients with high-risk medulloblastomas (MBs) and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and we report the outcome in the subset with metastatic (M+) MB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After surgery, patients received 36 Gy CSRT with boosts to sites of disease. During radiation, patients received 15 to 30 doses of carboplatin (30-45 mg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/dose), along with vincristine (VCR) once per week for 6 weeks. Patients on regimen A received 6 months of maintenance chemotherapy (MC) with cyclophosphamide and VCR. Once the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of carboplatin was determined, cisplatin was added to the MC (regimen B).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In all, 161 eligible patients (median age, 8.7 years; range, 3.1 to 21.6 years) were enrolled. Myelosuppression was dose limiting and 35 mg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/dose \u00d7 30 was determined to be the RP2D of carboplatin. Twenty-nine (36%) of 81 patients with M+ MB had diffuse anaplasia. Four patients were taken off study within 11 months of completing radiotherapy for presumed metastatic progression and are long-term survivors following palliative chemotherapy. Excluding these four patients, 5-year overall survival \u00b1 SE and progression-free survival \u00b1 SE for M+ patients treated at the RP2D on regimen A was 82% \u00b1 9% and 71% \u00b1 11% versus 68% \u00b1 10% and 59% \u00b1 10% on regimen B (P = .36). There was no difference in survival by M stage. Anaplasia was a negative predictor of outcome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of carboplatin as a radiosensitizer is a promising strategy for patients with M+ MB. Early progression should be confirmed by biopsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2011.40.2792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,5]],"date-time":"2012-06-05T10:16:52Z","timestamp":1338891412000},"page":"2648-2653","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Outcome of Children With Metastatic Medulloblastoma Treated With Carboplatin During Craniospinal Radiotherapy: A Children's Oncology Group Phase I\/II Study"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Regina I.","family":"Jakacki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina I. Jakacki, Charles Fitz, and Ian F. Pollack, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; Joel Goldwein, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Peter C. Burger, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tianni Zhou, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emiko J. Holmes, Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Mehmet Kocak, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center; Mehmet Kocak and Arzu Onar, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Minesh Mehta, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Burger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina I. Jakacki, Charles Fitz, and Ian F. Pollack, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; Joel Goldwein, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Peter C. Burger, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tianni Zhou, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emiko J. Holmes, Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Mehmet Kocak, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center; Mehmet Kocak and Arzu Onar, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Minesh Mehta, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianni","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina I. Jakacki, Charles Fitz, and Ian F. Pollack, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; Joel Goldwein, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Peter C. Burger, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tianni Zhou, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emiko J. Holmes, Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Mehmet Kocak, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center; Mehmet Kocak and Arzu Onar, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Minesh Mehta, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiko J.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina I. Jakacki, Charles Fitz, and Ian F. Pollack, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; Joel Goldwein, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Peter C. Burger, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tianni Zhou, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emiko J. Holmes, Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Mehmet Kocak, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center; Mehmet Kocak and Arzu Onar, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Minesh Mehta, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Kocak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina I. Jakacki, Charles Fitz, and Ian F. Pollack, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; Joel Goldwein, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Peter C. Burger, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tianni Zhou, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emiko J. Holmes, Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Mehmet Kocak, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center; Mehmet Kocak and Arzu Onar, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Minesh Mehta, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arzu","family":"Onar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina I. Jakacki, Charles Fitz, and Ian F. Pollack, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; Joel Goldwein, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Peter C. Burger, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tianni Zhou, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emiko J. Holmes, Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Mehmet Kocak, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center; Mehmet Kocak and Arzu Onar, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Minesh Mehta, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Goldwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina I. Jakacki, Charles Fitz, and Ian F. Pollack, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; Joel Goldwein, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Peter C. Burger, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tianni Zhou, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emiko J. Holmes, Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Mehmet Kocak, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center; Mehmet Kocak and Arzu Onar, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Minesh Mehta, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minesh","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina I. Jakacki, Charles Fitz, and Ian F. Pollack, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; Joel Goldwein, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Peter C. Burger, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tianni Zhou, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emiko J. Holmes, Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Mehmet Kocak, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center; Mehmet Kocak and Arzu Onar, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Minesh Mehta, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger J.","family":"Packer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina I. Jakacki, Charles Fitz, and Ian F. Pollack, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; Joel Goldwein, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Peter C. Burger, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tianni Zhou, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emiko J. Holmes, Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Mehmet Kocak, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center; Mehmet Kocak and Arzu Onar, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Minesh Mehta, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Tarbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina I. Jakacki, Charles Fitz, and Ian F. Pollack, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; Joel Goldwein, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Peter C. Burger, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tianni Zhou, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emiko J. 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Holmes, Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Mehmet Kocak, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center; Mehmet Kocak and Arzu Onar, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Minesh Mehta, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Vezina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina I. Jakacki, Charles Fitz, and Ian F. Pollack, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; Joel Goldwein, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Peter C. Burger, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tianni Zhou, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emiko J. 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Holmes, Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Mehmet Kocak, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center; Mehmet Kocak and Arzu Onar, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Minesh Mehta, Northwestern..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian F.","family":"Pollack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina I. Jakacki, Charles Fitz, and Ian F. Pollack, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; Joel Goldwein, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Peter C. Burger, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tianni Zhou, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emiko J. 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