{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T15:52:09Z","timestamp":1793721129558,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Existing definitions of clinically important weight loss (WL) in patients with cancer are unclear and heterogeneous and do not consider current trends toward obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Canadian and European patients with cancer (n = 8,160) formed a population-based data set. Body mass index (BMI) and percent WL (%WL) were recorded, and patients were observed prospectively until death. Data were entered into a multivariable analysis controlling for age, sex, cancer site, stage, and performance status. Relationships for BMI and %WL to overall survival were examined to develop a grading system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean overall %WL was \u22129.7% \u00b1 8.4% and BMI was 24.4 \u00b1 5.1 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and both %WL and BMI independently predicted survival (P &lt; .01). Differences in survival were observed across five categories of BMI (&lt; 20.0, 20.0 to 21.9, 22.0 to 24.9, 25.0 to 27.9, and \u2265 28.0 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; P &lt; .001) and five categories of %WL (\u22122.5% to \u22125.9%, \u22126.0% to \u221210.9%, \u221211.0% to \u221214.9%, \u2265 \u221215.0%, and weight stable (\u00b1 2.4%); P &lt; .001). A 5 \u00d7 5 matrix representing the five %WL categories within each of the five BMI categories was graded based on median survival and prognostic significance. Weight-stable patients with BMI \u2265 25.0 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (grade 0) had the longest survival (20.9 months; 95% CI, 17.9 to 23.9 months), and %WL values associated with lowered categories of BMI were related to shorter survival (P &lt; .001), as follows: grade 1, 14.6 months (95% CI, 12.9 to 16.2 months); grade 2, 10.8 months (95% CI, 9.7 to 11.9 months); grade 3, 7.6 months (95% CI, 7.0 to 8.2 months); and grade 4, 4.3 months (95% CI, 4.1 to 4.6 months). Survival discrimination by grade was observed within specific cancers, stages, ages, and performance status and in an independent validation sample (n = 2,963).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A robust grading system incorporating the independent prognostic significance of both BMI and %WL was developed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2014.56.1894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]],"date-time":"2014-11-24T23:48:29Z","timestamp":1416872909000},"page":"90-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":728,"title":["Diagnostic Criteria for the Classification of Cancer-Associated Weight Loss"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisa Martin and Vickie E. Baracos, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; R. Thomas Jagoe, McGill Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Clinic, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec; Martin Chasen, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pierre Senesse, Institut R\u00e9gional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier; Sami Antoun, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Larissa General Clinic, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; Federico Bozzetti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Chris..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Senesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisa Martin and Vickie E. Baracos, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; R. Thomas Jagoe, McGill Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Clinic, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec; Martin Chasen, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pierre Senesse, Institut R\u00e9gional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier; Sami Antoun, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Larissa General Clinic, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; Federico Bozzetti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Chris..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Gioulbasanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisa Martin and Vickie E. Baracos, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; R. Thomas Jagoe, McGill Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Clinic, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec; Martin Chasen, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pierre Senesse, Institut R\u00e9gional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier; Sami Antoun, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Larissa General Clinic, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; Federico Bozzetti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Chris..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Antoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisa Martin and Vickie E. Baracos, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; R. Thomas Jagoe, McGill Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Clinic, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec; Martin Chasen, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pierre Senesse, Institut R\u00e9gional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier; Sami Antoun, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Larissa General Clinic, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; Federico Bozzetti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Chris..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Bozzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisa Martin and Vickie E. Baracos, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; R. Thomas Jagoe, McGill Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Clinic, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec; Martin Chasen, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pierre Senesse, Institut R\u00e9gional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier; Sami Antoun, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Larissa General Clinic, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; Federico Bozzetti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Chris..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Deans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisa Martin and Vickie E. Baracos, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; R. Thomas Jagoe, McGill Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Clinic, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec; Martin Chasen, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pierre Senesse, Institut R\u00e9gional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier; Sami Antoun, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Larissa General Clinic, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; Federico Bozzetti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Chris..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Strasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisa Martin and Vickie E. Baracos, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; R. Thomas Jagoe, McGill Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Clinic, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec; Martin Chasen, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pierre Senesse, Institut R\u00e9gional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier; Sami Antoun, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Larissa General Clinic, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; Federico Bozzetti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Chris..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lene","family":"Thoresen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisa Martin and Vickie E. Baracos, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; R. Thomas Jagoe, McGill Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Clinic, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec; Martin Chasen, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pierre Senesse, Institut R\u00e9gional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier; Sami Antoun, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Larissa General Clinic, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; Federico Bozzetti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Chris..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Thomas","family":"Jagoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisa Martin and Vickie E. Baracos, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; R. Thomas Jagoe, McGill Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Clinic, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec; Martin Chasen, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pierre Senesse, Institut R\u00e9gional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier; Sami Antoun, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Larissa General Clinic, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; Federico Bozzetti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Chris..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Chasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisa Martin and Vickie E. Baracos, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; R. Thomas Jagoe, McGill Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Clinic, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec; Martin Chasen, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pierre Senesse, Institut R\u00e9gional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier; Sami Antoun, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Larissa General Clinic, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; Federico Bozzetti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Chris..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent","family":"Lundholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisa Martin and Vickie E. Baracos, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; R. Thomas Jagoe, McGill Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Clinic, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec; Martin Chasen, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pierre Senesse, Institut R\u00e9gional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier; Sami Antoun, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Larissa General Clinic, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; Federico Bozzetti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Chris..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingvar","family":"Bosaeus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisa Martin and Vickie E. Baracos, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; R. Thomas Jagoe, McGill Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Clinic, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec; Martin Chasen, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pierre Senesse, Institut R\u00e9gional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier; Sami Antoun, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Larissa General Clinic, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; Federico Bozzetti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Chris..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth H.","family":"Fearon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisa Martin and Vickie E. Baracos, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; R. Thomas Jagoe, McGill Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Clinic, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec; Martin Chasen, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Pierre Senesse, Institut R\u00e9gional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier; Sami Antoun, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Larissa General Clinic, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; Federico Bozzetti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Chris..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vickie E.","family":"Baracos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisa Martin and Vickie E. Baracos, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; R. 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