{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T07:58:46Z","timestamp":1789891126668,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p> Glycoprotein NMB (gpNMB), a negative prognostic marker, is overexpressed in multiple tumor types. Glembatumumab vedotin is a gpNMB-specific monoclonal antibody conjugated to the potent cytotoxin monomethyl auristatin E. This phase II study investigated the activity of glembatumumab vedotin in advanced breast cancer by gpNMB expression. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> Patients (n = 124) with refractory breast cancer that expressed gpNMB in \u2265 5% of epithelial or stromal cells by central immunohistochemistry were stratified by gpNMB expression (tumor, low stromal intensity, high stromal intensity) and were randomly assigned 2:1 to glembatumumab vedotin (n = 83) or investigator's choice (IC) chemotherapy (n = 41). The study was powered to detect overall objective response rate (ORR) in the glembatumumab vedotin arm between 10% (null) and 22.5% (alternative hypothesis) with preplanned investigation of activity by gpNMB distribution and\/or intensity (Stratum 1 to Stratum 3). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Glembatumumab vedotin was well tolerated as compared with IC chemotherapy (less hematologic toxicity; more rash, pruritus, neuropathy, and alopecia). ORR was 6% (five of 83) for glembatumumab vedotin versus 7% (three of 41) for IC, without significant intertreatment differences for predefined strata. Secondary end point revealed ORR of 12% (10 of 83) versus 12% (five of 41) overall, and 30% (seven of 23) versus 9% (one of 11) for gpNMB overexpression (\u2265 25% of tumor cells). Unplanned analysis showed ORR of 18% (five of 28) versus 0% (0 of 11) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and 40% (four of 10) versus 0% (zero of six) in gpNMB-overexpressing TNBC. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> Glembatumumab vedotin is well tolerated in heavily pretreated patients with breast cancer. Although the primary end point in advanced gpNMB-expressing breast cancer was not met for all enrolled patients (median tumor gpNMB expression, 5%), activity may be enhanced in patients with gpNMB-overexpressing tumors and\/or TNBC. A pivotal phase II trial (METRIC [Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer]) is underway. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2014.56.2959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]],"date-time":"2015-04-07T02:33:23Z","timestamp":1428374003000},"page":"1609-1619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":169,"title":["EMERGE: A Randomized Phase II Study of the Antibody-Drug Conjugate Glembatumumab Vedotin in Advanced Glycoprotein NMB\u2013Expressing Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Denise A.","family":"Yardley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Denise A. Yardley, Sarah Cannon Research Institute\/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Robert Weaver, Florida Cancer Specialists, Tampa, FL; Michelle E. Melisko, University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Scott Cruickshank, Scott Cruickshank & Associates, Santa Barbara; Agustin A. Garcia, University of Southern California\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Mansoor N. Saleh, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Sandy Springs, GA; Francis..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denise A. Yardley, Sarah Cannon Research Institute\/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Robert Weaver, Florida Cancer Specialists, Tampa, FL; Michelle E. Melisko, University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Scott Cruickshank, Scott Cruickshank & Associates, Santa Barbara; Agustin A. Garcia, University of Southern California\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Mansoor N. Saleh, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Sandy Springs, GA; Francis..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle E.","family":"Melisko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denise A. Yardley, Sarah Cannon Research Institute\/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Robert Weaver, Florida Cancer Specialists, Tampa, FL; Michelle E. Melisko, University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Scott Cruickshank, Scott Cruickshank & Associates, Santa Barbara; Agustin A. Garcia, University of Southern California\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Mansoor N. Saleh, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Sandy Springs, GA; Francis..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansoor N.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denise A. Yardley, Sarah Cannon Research Institute\/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Robert Weaver, Florida Cancer Specialists, Tampa, FL; Michelle E. Melisko, University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Scott Cruickshank, Scott Cruickshank & Associates, Santa Barbara; Agustin A. Garcia, University of Southern California\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Mansoor N. Saleh, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Sandy Springs, GA; Francis..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis P.","family":"Arena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denise A. Yardley, Sarah Cannon Research Institute\/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Robert Weaver, Florida Cancer Specialists, Tampa, FL; Michelle E. Melisko, University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Scott Cruickshank, Scott Cruickshank & Associates, Santa Barbara; Agustin A. Garcia, University of Southern California\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Mansoor N. Saleh, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Sandy Springs, GA; Francis..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Forero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denise A. Yardley, Sarah Cannon Research Institute\/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Robert Weaver, Florida Cancer Specialists, Tampa, FL; Michelle E. Melisko, University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Scott Cruickshank, Scott Cruickshank & Associates, Santa Barbara; Agustin A. Garcia, University of Southern California\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Mansoor N. Saleh, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Sandy Springs, GA; Francis..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Cigler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denise A. Yardley, Sarah Cannon Research Institute\/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Robert Weaver, Florida Cancer Specialists, Tampa, FL; Michelle E. Melisko, University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Scott Cruickshank, Scott Cruickshank & Associates, Santa Barbara; Agustin A. Garcia, University of Southern California\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Mansoor N. Saleh, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Sandy Springs, GA; Francis..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Stopeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denise A. Yardley, Sarah Cannon Research Institute\/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Robert Weaver, Florida Cancer Specialists, Tampa, FL; Michelle E. Melisko, University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Scott Cruickshank, Scott Cruickshank & Associates, Santa Barbara; Agustin A. Garcia, University of Southern California\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Mansoor N. Saleh, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Sandy Springs, GA; Francis..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Citrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denise A. Yardley, Sarah Cannon Research Institute\/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Robert Weaver, Florida Cancer Specialists, Tampa, FL; Michelle E. Melisko, University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Scott Cruickshank, Scott Cruickshank & Associates, Santa Barbara; Agustin A. Garcia, University of Southern California\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Mansoor N. Saleh, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Sandy Springs, GA; Francis..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Oliff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denise A. Yardley, Sarah Cannon Research Institute\/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Robert Weaver, Florida Cancer Specialists, Tampa, FL; Michelle E. Melisko, University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Scott Cruickshank, Scott Cruickshank & Associates, Santa Barbara; Agustin A. Garcia, University of Southern California\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Mansoor N. Saleh, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Sandy Springs, GA; Francis..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Bechhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denise A. Yardley, Sarah Cannon Research Institute\/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Robert Weaver, Florida Cancer Specialists, Tampa, FL; Michelle E. Melisko, University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Scott Cruickshank, Scott Cruickshank & Associates, Santa Barbara; Agustin A. 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Yardley, Sarah Cannon Research Institute\/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Robert Weaver, Florida Cancer Specialists, Tampa, FL; Michelle E. Melisko, University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Scott Cruickshank, Scott Cruickshank & Associates, Santa Barbara; Agustin A. Garcia, University of Southern California\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; Mansoor N. Saleh, Georgia Cancer Specialists, Sandy Springs, GA; Francis..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hawthorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denise A. Yardley, Sarah Cannon Research Institute\/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Robert Weaver, Florida Cancer Specialists, Tampa, FL; Michelle E. Melisko, University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Scott Cruickshank, Scott Cruickshank & Associates, Santa Barbara; Agustin A. 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