{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T11:40:18Z","timestamp":1792323618055,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"25","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is a herpes simplex virus type 1\u2013derived oncolytic immunotherapy designed to selectively replicate within tumors and produce granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to enhance systemic antitumor immune responses. T-VEC was compared with GM-CSF in patients with unresected stage IIIB to IV melanoma in a randomized open-label phase III trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with injectable melanoma that was not surgically resectable were randomly assigned at a two-to-one ratio to intralesional T-VEC or subcutaneous GM-CSF. The primary end point was durable response rate (DRR; objective response lasting continuously \u2265 6 months) per independent assessment. Key secondary end points included overall survival (OS) and overall response rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 436 patients randomly assigned, DRR was significantly higher with T-VEC (16.3%; 95% CI, 12.1% to 20.5%) than GM-CSF (2.1%; 95% CI, 0% to 4.5%]; odds ratio, 8.9; P &lt; .001). Overall response rate was also higher in the T-VEC arm (26.4%; 95% CI, 21.4% to 31.5% v 5.7%; 95% CI, 1.9% to 9.5%). Median OS was 23.3 months (95% CI, 19.5 to 29.6 months) with T-VEC and 18.9 months (95% CI, 16.0 to 23.7 months) with GM-CSF (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.62 to 1.00; P = .051). T-VEC efficacy was most pronounced in patients with stage IIIB, IIIC, or IVM1a disease and in patients with treatment-naive disease. The most common adverse events (AEs) with T-VEC were fatigue, chills, and pyrexia. The only grade 3 or 4 AE occurring in \u2265 2% of T-VEC\u2013treated patients was cellulitis (2.1%). No fatal treatment-related AEs occurred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T-VEC is the first oncolytic immunotherapy to demonstrate therapeutic benefit against melanoma in a phase III clinical trial. T-VEC was well tolerated and resulted in a higher DRR (P &lt; .001) and longer median OS (P = .051), particularly in untreated patients or those with stage IIIB, IIIC, or IVM1a disease. T-VEC represents a novel potential therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2014.58.3377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]],"date-time":"2015-05-27T10:36:58Z","timestamp":1432723018000},"page":"2780-2788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2452,"title":["Talimogene Laherparepvec Improves Durable Response Rate in Patients With Advanced Melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Robert H.I.","family":"Andtbacka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert H.I. Andtbacka, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Howard L. Kaufman, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Frances Collichio, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC; Thomas Amatruda, Minnesota Oncology, Fridley, MN; Neil Senzer, Mary Crowley Cancer Research Center, Dallas; Merrick Ross, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jason Chesney, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Keith A. Delman,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard L.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert H.I. Andtbacka, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Howard L. Kaufman, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Frances Collichio, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC; Thomas Amatruda, Minnesota Oncology, Fridley, MN; Neil Senzer, Mary Crowley Cancer Research Center, Dallas; Merrick Ross, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jason Chesney, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Keith A. Delman,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Collichio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert H.I. Andtbacka, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Howard L. Kaufman, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Frances Collichio, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC; Thomas Amatruda, Minnesota Oncology, Fridley, MN; Neil Senzer, Mary Crowley Cancer Research Center, Dallas; Merrick Ross, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jason Chesney, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Keith A. Delman,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Amatruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert H.I. Andtbacka, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Howard L. Kaufman, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Frances Collichio, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC; Thomas Amatruda, Minnesota Oncology, Fridley, MN; Neil Senzer, Mary Crowley Cancer Research Center, Dallas; Merrick Ross, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jason Chesney, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Keith A. Delman,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Senzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert H.I. Andtbacka, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Howard L. Kaufman, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Frances Collichio, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC; Thomas Amatruda, Minnesota Oncology, Fridley, MN; Neil Senzer, Mary Crowley Cancer Research Center, Dallas; Merrick Ross, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jason Chesney, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Keith A. Delman,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Chesney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert H.I. Andtbacka, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Howard L. Kaufman, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Frances Collichio, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC; Thomas Amatruda, Minnesota Oncology, Fridley, MN; Neil Senzer, Mary Crowley Cancer Research Center, Dallas; Merrick Ross, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jason Chesney, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Keith A. Delman,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Delman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert H.I. Andtbacka, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Howard L. 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