{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:10:23Z","timestamp":1790111423819,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      It is uncertain whether, and to what extent, hormonal contraceptives increase breast cancer (BC) risk for germline\n                      <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>BRCA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation carriers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using pooled observational data from four prospective cohort studies, associations between hormonal contraceptive use and BC risk for unaffected female\n                      <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>BRCA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation carriers were assessed using Cox regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 3,882\n                      <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 1,509\n                      <jats:italic>BRCA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation carriers, 53% and 71%, respectively, had ever used hormonal contraceptives for at least 1 year (median cumulative duration of use, 4.8 and 5.7 years, respectively). Overall, 488\n                      <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 191\n                      <jats:italic>BRCA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation carriers developed BC during median follow-up of 5.9 and 5.6 years, respectively. Although for\n                      <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation carriers, neither current nor past use of hormonal contraceptives for at least 1 year was statistically significantly associated with BC risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.40 [95% CI, 0.94 to 2.08],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .10 for current use; 1.16 [0.80 to 1.69],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .4, 1.40 [0.99 to 1.97],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .05, and 1.27 [0.98 to 1.63],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .07 for past use 1-5, 6-10, and &gt;10 years before, respectively), ever use was associated with increased risk (HR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.60],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .02). Furthermore, BC risk increased with longer cumulative duration of use, with an estimated proportional increase in risk of 3% (1%-5%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .002) for each additional year of use. For\n                      <jats:italic>BRCA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation carriers, there was no evidence that current or ever use was associated with increased BC risk (HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.33 to 1.47],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .3 and 1.07 [0.73 to 1.57],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .7, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hormonal contraceptives were associated with increased BC risk for\n                      <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation carriers, especially if used for longer durations. Decisions about their use in women with\n                      <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations should carefully weigh the risks and benefits for each individual.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.24.00176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T16:00:02Z","timestamp":1727884802000},"page":"422-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Hormonal Contraception and Breast Cancer Risk for Carriers of Germline Mutations in\n                    <i>BRCA1<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>BRCA2<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0475-1771","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kelly-Anne","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9624-4218","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joanne","family":"Kotsopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5914-7272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Susan M.","family":"Domchek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basser Center for BRCA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"},{"name":"Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4106-5033","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mary Beth","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY"},{"name":"Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2219-9749","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James A.","family":"Chamberlain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0799-4821","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julie K.","family":"Bassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8907-7853","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amber M.","family":"Aeilts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4226-6435","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Irene L.","family":"Andrulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred A. 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