{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T06:50:21Z","timestamp":1775285421919,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p> Little is known about the epidemiology of breast cancer in developing countries, and Haiti has perhaps the least data of any country in the Western Hemisphere. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> We conducted a retrospective review of all patients enrolled in an ongoing breast cancer treatment program in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, from July 1, 2013, through June 30, 2017. Data were drawn from each patient's electronic medical record, paper chart, and biopsy results. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> The records of 525 women with breast cancer were reviewed for this study. The median age at presentation was 49 years (n = 507). The risk factors observed were as follows: postmenopausal, 50.8% (n = 354); nulliparity, 15.7% (n = 338); hormonal contraception use, 35.0% (n = 309); never breastfed, 20.6% (n = 316); family history of any cancer, 22.0% (n = 295); overweight, 51.5% (n = 332); and smoking, 5.0% (n = 338). Of all those staged, 83.9% (n = 447) of the patients presented with stage III\/IV disease and more than half delayed care for &gt; 12 months after first noticing a breast mass. For the subset of tumors for which estrogen receptor (ER; n = 245) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; n = 179) status was available, the prevalence of ER-positive tumors was 51.8%, of HER2-positive tumors was 19.6%, and of triple-negative tumors was 38.5%. The 12-month mortality rate (n = 425) was 18.4% overall and 27.5% for those who presented with stage IV disease. Median survival was not reached. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> Breast cancer in Haiti presents at an early age and advanced stage. Triple-negative, ER-negative, and high-grade tumors are common. Delays in seeking care and incomplete treatment likely contribute to the high mortality rate; however, as in black women in the United States, the distribution of tumor types may contribute to disparate outcomes. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jgo.17.00135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]],"date-time":"2018-02-13T20:58:19Z","timestamp":1518555499000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Epidemiological, Clinical, and Histopathological Features of Breast Cancer in Haiti"],"prefix":"10.1200","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Vincent","family":"DeGennaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vincent DeGennaro Jr, F. Faiz Jiwani, Martin Gibbs, Dieudina Gabriel, and Joseph Bernard Jr, Innovating Health International, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; Vincent DeGennaro Jr, Martin Gibbs, Coy D. Heldermon, and Karen Daily, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; F. Faiz Jiwani, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Elizabeth Patberg and Rachel Libby, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faiz","family":"Jiwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vincent DeGennaro Jr, F. Faiz Jiwani, Martin Gibbs, Dieudina Gabriel, and Joseph Bernard Jr, Innovating Health International, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; Vincent DeGennaro Jr, Martin Gibbs, Coy D. Heldermon, and Karen Daily, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; F. Faiz Jiwani, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Elizabeth Patberg and Rachel Libby, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Patberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vincent DeGennaro Jr, F. Faiz Jiwani, Martin Gibbs, Dieudina Gabriel, and Joseph Bernard Jr, Innovating Health International, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; Vincent DeGennaro Jr, Martin Gibbs, Coy D. Heldermon, and Karen Daily, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; F. Faiz Jiwani, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Elizabeth Patberg and Rachel Libby, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vincent DeGennaro Jr, F. Faiz Jiwani, Martin Gibbs, Dieudina Gabriel, and Joseph Bernard Jr, Innovating Health International, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; Vincent DeGennaro Jr, Martin Gibbs, Coy D. Heldermon, and Karen Daily, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; F. Faiz Jiwani, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Elizabeth Patberg and Rachel Libby, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Libby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vincent DeGennaro Jr, F. Faiz Jiwani, Martin Gibbs, Dieudina Gabriel, and Joseph Bernard Jr, Innovating Health International, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; Vincent DeGennaro Jr, Martin Gibbs, Coy D. Heldermon, and Karen Daily, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; F. Faiz Jiwani, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Elizabeth Patberg and Rachel Libby, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dieudina","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vincent DeGennaro Jr, F. Faiz Jiwani, Martin Gibbs, Dieudina Gabriel, and Joseph Bernard Jr, Innovating Health International, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; Vincent DeGennaro Jr, Martin Gibbs, Coy D. Heldermon, and Karen Daily, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; F. Faiz Jiwani, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Elizabeth Patberg and Rachel Libby, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Coy D.","family":"Heldermon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vincent DeGennaro Jr, F. Faiz Jiwani, Martin Gibbs, Dieudina Gabriel, and Joseph Bernard Jr, Innovating Health International, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; Vincent DeGennaro Jr, Martin Gibbs, Coy D. Heldermon, and Karen Daily, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; F. 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