{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T01:57:50Z","timestamp":1785549470546,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p> The burden of cancer is rising in low- and middle-income countries, yet cancer treatment requires resources that are often not available in these settings. Although management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been described in low- and middle-income countries, few programs involve patients treated in rural settings. We describe characteristics and early outcomes of patients treated for CML at rural district hospitals in Rwanda. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> We conducted a retrospective review of patients with confirmed BCR-ABL\u2013positive CML who were enrolled between July 1, 2009 and June 30, 2014. Types of data included patient demographics, diagnostic work up, treatment, clinical examination, laboratory testing, and death. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Forty-three patients were included, with a maximum follow-up of 58 months. Of 31 patients who were imatinib-na\u00efve at enrollment, 54.8% were men and the median age at diagnosis was 36.9 years (interquartile range: 29-42 years). Approximately two-thirds of patients (67.7%) were on the national public insurance scheme. The imatinib dose was reduced for 16 patients and discontinued for five. Thirty-two of the 43 patients continued to have normal blood counts at last follow-up. Four patients have died and four are lost to follow-up. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> Our experience indicates that CML can be effectively managed in a resource-constrained rural setting, despite limited availability of on-site diagnostic resources or specialty oncology personnel. The importance of model public-private partnerships as a strategy to bring high-cost, life-saving treatment to people who do not have the ability to pay is also highlighted. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/jgo.2015.001727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T04:04:23Z","timestamp":1454558663000},"page":"129-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Rural Rwanda: Promising Early Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Neo","family":"Tapela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neo Tapela, Roshan Sethi, and Nicholas Mantini, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital; Neo Tapela, Roshan Sethi, Lawrence N. Shulman, and Leslie Lehmann, Harvard Medical School; Leslie Lehmann, Children\u2019s Hospital of Boston, Boston, MA; Neo Tapela, Ignace Nzayisenga, Jean Bosco Bigirimana, Hamissy Habineza, Nicholas Mantini, Lawrence N. Shulman, and Leslie Lehmann, Partners In Health\/Inshuti Mu Buzima; Vedaste Hategekimana and Tharcisse Mpunga, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda; and Lawrence N. Shulman,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignace","family":"Nzayisenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neo Tapela, Roshan Sethi, and Nicholas Mantini, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital; Neo Tapela, Roshan Sethi, Lawrence N. Shulman, and Leslie Lehmann, Harvard Medical School; Leslie Lehmann, Children\u2019s Hospital of Boston, Boston, MA; Neo Tapela, Ignace Nzayisenga, Jean Bosco Bigirimana, Hamissy Habineza, Nicholas Mantini, Lawrence N. 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Shulman, and Leslie Lehmann, Harvard Medical School; Leslie Lehmann, Children\u2019s Hospital of Boston, Boston, MA; Neo Tapela, Ignace Nzayisenga, Jean Bosco Bigirimana, Hamissy Habineza, Nicholas Mantini, Lawrence N. Shulman, and Leslie Lehmann, Partners In Health\/Inshuti Mu Buzima; Vedaste Hategekimana and Tharcisse Mpunga, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda; and Lawrence N. Shulman,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vedaste","family":"Hategekimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neo Tapela, Roshan Sethi, and Nicholas Mantini, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital; Neo Tapela, Roshan Sethi, Lawrence N. Shulman, and Leslie Lehmann, Harvard Medical School; Leslie Lehmann, Children\u2019s Hospital of Boston, Boston, MA; Neo Tapela, Ignace Nzayisenga, Jean Bosco Bigirimana, Hamissy Habineza, Nicholas Mantini, Lawrence N. 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