{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:49:33Z","timestamp":1788922173661,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO Oncol Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) has been considered for managing cancer pain; however, limited research has been conducted on optimizing continuous infusion rates with PCA. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a method that optimizes background infusion (BI) alongside PCA for titrating intravenous (IV) morphine in managing cancer-related pain.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Forty-four patients with solid tumors who could not manage pain with oral or transdermal opioid analgesics were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive IV morphine through PCA or the conventional method. In the PCA group, the BI rate was automatically adjusted on the basis of the frequency and interval of bolus button presses; contrastingly, BI rate in the conventional group was adjusted at the discretion of the medical staff. The primary outcome was the daily number of patient complaints of breakthrough pain (numeric rating scale \u22654).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The PCA group reported a significant decrease in breakthrough pain complaints at 24 hours (median, 0\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">v<\/jats:italic>\n              3 times\/d;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              = .012) and a lower proportion of nonresponders at 24 hours (21%\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">v<\/jats:italic>\n              55%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              = .048) compared with the conventional group. The total daily IV dose of morphine increased in the PCA group and exhibited a significant difference between two groups within 48 hours (median, 76.80\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">v<\/jats:italic>\n              44.42 mg\/d;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              = .036). No uncontrolled opioid-related adverse effects were observed in either group.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>PCA, with an optimized BI rate, facilitated faster titration of IV morphine than the conventional method, achieving tolerable and rapid pain relief.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/op-24-00650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T15:59:09Z","timestamp":1736438349000},"page":"1008-1016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optimizing Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia for Cancer Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Adjusted Background Infusion Rates"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8493-4078","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Min Jung","family":"Geum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2144-4298","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Si Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5151-5096","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Choong-kun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8281-3387","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Minkyu","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do-Hyeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6334-7541","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young Chul","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Severance Hospital, Anaesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5917-1400","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hye Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.02198"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy152"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.52.5188"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70350-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-013-1899-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2009.00747.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_8_2","volume-title":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology","author":"Swarm RA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Swarm RA, Youngwerth JM, Agne JL, et al: Adult cancer pain, version 2. 2024. 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