{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:38:03Z","timestamp":1778218683996,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO Oncol Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite evidence of diagnostic accuracy but unclear long-term clinical benefit, national utilization patterns of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) are undefined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a serial cross-sectional study to evaluate the use of PET imaging among commercial insurance beneficiaries with prostate cancer using administrative claims from deidentified Blue Cross Blue Shield Axis database. Eligible patients included prevalent and incident prostate cancer cases. We calculated the proportions undergoing PET imaging in semiannual periods from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2024. We examined the association between regional-level contextual sociodemographic and health care characteristics, and regional use of PSMA-PET imaging in 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 514,750 male beneficiaries age 40-89 years with prostate cancer were identified between 2016 and 2024. The proportion of individuals with prostate cancer undergoing PET imaging increased from 4.5 [95% CI, 4.1 to 4.9] per 1,000 in the first half of 2016 to 77.6 (95% CI, 76.2 to 79.1) per 1,000 in the second half of 2024,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001. Increases in PET were driven by uptake of PSMA-PET following approval in 2021, which increased from 0.8 (95% CI, 0.6 to 0.9) per 1,000 in the second half of 2021 to 77.0 (95% CI, 75.5 to 78.5) per 1,000 in the second half of 2024,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001. PSMA-PET use in 2024 was higher in regions with greater education (99.3\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">v<\/jats:italic>\n                      114.6 per 1,000 in lowest [Q1]\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">v<\/jats:italic>\n                      highest [Q4] educated) and income (95.4\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">v<\/jats:italic>\n                      112.3 per 1,000 in Q1\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">v<\/jats:italic>\n                      Q4 income) measures,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PSMA-PET was rapidly incorporated into clinical practice among commercial insurance beneficiaries with prostate cancer with higher adoption in geographic regions with higher income and education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/op-25-00617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T20:59:07Z","timestamp":1770152347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Adoption and Regional Variation of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1200","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0727-7614","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Leapman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"},{"name":"Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica B.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2060-2137","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah","family":"Westvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2314-0802","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Rabil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0502-9294","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Preston C.","family":"Sprenkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac Y.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7962-9079","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Spilberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Saperstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7365-2104","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaleh","family":"Fallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Suzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"Lerro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Center of Excellence, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9312-6339","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianjin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4565-4556","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Donna R.","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Center of Excellence, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul G.","family":"Kluetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD"},{"name":"Oncology Center of Excellence, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Jeffrey","family":"Karnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4849-4743","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michaela","family":"Dinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3639-3515","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aaron P.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Kunst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Economics, University of York, York, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3294-5784","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shi-Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9472-8032","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cary P.","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"233","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000003452"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002757"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.219501"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.21.27323"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30314-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30415-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001369"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-4573"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","volume-title":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Prostate Cancer. 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