{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T15:23:12Z","timestamp":1778253792377,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO Oncol Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over 10 million jail admissions occur each year in the United States. Whether county-level incarceration shapes population-level cancer mortality remains unclear. We assessed county jail incarceration rates in relation to lung, liver, and colorectal cancer deaths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This ecological study linked county incarceration rates (1995-2018, Vera Institute) with age-adjusted cancer mortality from the National Vital Statistics System (2000-2019). Incarceration was grouped into lagged quartiles (Q1 lowest; Q4 highest). Pooled Poisson regression with county-clustered robust errors estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) while controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, health care, and structural factors. Sex- and race-stratified analyses and longer exposure lags tested robustness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Relative to Q1, Q4 counties had higher mortality from lung (aIRR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.12]), liver (aIRR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.00 to 1.22]), and colorectal (aIRR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.15]) cancers. Among men, liver cancer deaths rose 13% in Q4 (aIRR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.03 to 1.24]). Black residents experienced elevated lung and colorectal mortality across all incarceration quartiles and a 29% increase in liver cancer deaths in Q4 (aIRR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.61]); excess mortality among White residents emerged only in Q4 counties (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05). Findings persisted in sensitivity analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Counties with the highest jail incarceration rates had 7%-10% more lung, liver, and colorectal cancer deaths with disproportionate impacts on men and Black residents. Incarceration operates as a structural driver of cancer disparities; targeted prevention, screening, and treatment efforts are urgently needed in high-incarceration communities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/op-25-00651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T20:59:09Z","timestamp":1765313949000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of Jail Incarceration With Lung, Liver, and Colorectal Cancer Mortality Across US Counties"],"prefix":"10.1200","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8206-5745","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Azza","family":"Sarfraz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8377-0263","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Odysseas P.","family":"Chatzipanagiotou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4490-4453","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meher","family":"Angez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1994-4285","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ishika","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Areesh","family":"Mevawalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0500-8325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zayed","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7994-9870","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Pawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"233","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","volume-title":"Correctional Populations in the United States, 2022\u2013statistical Tables","author":"Buehler ED","year":"2024","unstructured":"Buehler ED, Kluckow R: Correctional Populations in the United States, 2022\u2013statistical Tables. 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