{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:07:24Z","timestamp":1778717244000,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO Oncol Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Black men face the highest incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer globally, including a disproportionate burden of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Despite this, clinical trials often fail to adequately represent the populations most affected. This study evaluates representation trends in mCRPC trials over a 17-year period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 33 phase III and IV mCRPC trials (2005-2021) registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Data on race, ethnicity, and trial geography were extracted. Representation trends were assessed across time intervals and funding sources. A random-effects model was used to analyze pooled participant demographics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 33 trials (n = 28,746), 73% reported race and 42% reported ethnicity. Among trials with available data, 79.2% of participants were White, 10.8% were Asian, and only 3.8% were Black or African American. Hispanic participation was 6.7%. Notably, Black participation declined from 13.7% to 3% over the study period. Trial sites were predominantly located in North America and Europe, with no inclusion from Africa or the Caribbean.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Racial and ethnic under-representation in mCRPC trials has remained profound and, in some cases, worsened, despite increasing awareness. These findings underscore a critical need for structural reforms in trial design, funding, and regulatory oversight to ensure equitable access and generalizability of prostate cancer therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/op-25-00827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T20:59:06Z","timestamp":1764017946000},"page":"594-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Under-Representation of Black and Hispanic Men in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Trials (2005-2021): A Call to Action"],"prefix":"10.1200","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6132-7759","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Canan D.","family":"Dirican","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NYMC Internal Medicine Residency Program at Saint Mary's and Saint Clare's, Denville, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sagar","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Saint Michaels Medical Center, Newark, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"Al Mardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYMC Internal Medicine Residency Program at Saint Mary's and Saint Clare's, Denville, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1075-7504","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amara","family":"Sofia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYMC Internal Medicine Residency Program at Saint Mary's and Saint Clare's, Denville, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bolivia Aloysia Crocete","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYMC Internal Medicine Residency Program at Saint Mary's and Saint Clare's, Denville, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Venkatesh","family":"Gondhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYMC Internal Medicine Residency Program at Saint Mary's and Saint Clare's, Denville, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Maroules","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Saint Mary's General Hospital, Passaic, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"233","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","volume-title":"SEER*Explorer: An interactive website for SEER cancer statistics","author":"Surveillance Research Program","year":"2024","unstructured":"Surveillance Research Program: SEER*Explorer: An interactive website for SEER cancer statistics. 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