{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T20:24:46Z","timestamp":1784751886175,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO Oncol Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are associated with rare, acute myocarditis, their comparative impact on chronic vascular events and heart failure versus conventional chemotherapy remains ill-defined. We compared the 2-year risk of hospitalization for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after ICI initiation versus chemotherapy and characterized risk heterogeneity across ICI regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a global, propensity-matched cohort study using a federated electronic health record network (TriNetX). Patients initiating ICIs (2011-2024) for lung, skin, GI, or urinary malignancies were 1:1 matched to a historical cohort (1997-2011) treated with guideline-endorsed chemotherapy to benchmark toxicity against a standard-of-care control. The primary end point was hospitalization for MACE (heart failure, myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke) within 24 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The final cohort included 30,720 matched patients (15,360 per group). At 2 years, ICI therapy was associated with a significantly higher risk of MACE hospitalization compared with chemotherapy (risk ratio [RR], 1.40 [95% CI, 1.26 to 1.56];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). This excess risk was consistent across heart failure (RR, 1.39), ischemic stroke (RR, 1.40), and myocardial infarction (RR, 1.33). Combination of ipilimumab plus nivolumab carried the highest early risk (0-6 months). However, durvalumab was associated with the highest 2-year cumulative incidence of MACE hospitalization (16.2%), significantly exceeding that of pembrolizumab and atezolizumab.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this large real-world cohort, ICIs were associated with a substantial excess burden of severe cardiovascular events compared with traditional chemotherapy. The risk extends beyond acute myocarditis to include chronic vascular events, with distinct high-risk signals for combination therapy and durvalumab, underscoring the need for long-term cardiovascular surveillance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/op-26-00129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T19:59:18Z","timestamp":1784750358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Risk of Cardiovascular Hospitalization With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Versus Chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1200","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0558-0190","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aidan","family":"Vosooghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2834-5487","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aditya","family":"Mahadevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7624-0567","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jagmeet","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Farhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1380-5364","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexi","family":"Vasbinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3300-1769","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Salim S.","family":"Hayek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"185","article-title":"The checkpoint immunotherapy revolution","volume":"41","author":"Alexander W","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alexander W: The checkpoint immunotherapy revolution. 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