{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:50:57Z","timestamp":1791319857598,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO Oncol Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary prophylactic colony-stimulating factor (PP-CSF) is recommended for patients receiving chemotherapy with high risk of febrile neutropenia (FN). The impact of PP-CSF delivery method on FN is unknown. We performed a secondary analysis of SWOG S1415CD (Trial Assessing CSF Prescribing Effectiveness and Risk), a pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial evaluating a guideline-informed standing order system to improve PP-CSF use, to evaluate associations between PP-CSF delivery method and FN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female patients with breast cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy and PP-CSF with a known delivery method (administration in-clinic [IC], home delivery via an on-body device [OBD], or home self-injection [SI]) were included. The primary outcome was FN within 6 months of chemotherapy initiation, defined per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 1,713 patients, the median age was 55 years (IQR, 46-64). By stage, 566 (33%) were local, 709 (41%) regional, 41 (2%) distant, and 397 (23%) unknown. PP-CSF was delivered IC in 773 (45%), OBD in 862 (50%), and SI in 78 (5%). Most received high-risk FN regimens. Pegfilgrastim use was nearly exclusive in IC and OBD (98% and 99%), versus 29% in SI. FN incidence was low: IC 3.8% (95% CI, 2.5 to 5.3), OBD 5.0% (95% CI, 3.6 to 6.6), and SI 6.4% (95% CI, 2.1 to 14.3;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .29). FN was associated with high-risk FN regimens (odds ratio [OR], 2.97 [95% CI, 1.2 to 9.9];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .04) and Zubrod performance status \u22652 (OR, 4.99 [95% CI, 1.12 to 15.9];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .01), but not with delivery method or PP-CSF agent.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy and PP-CSF had low rates of FN regardless of PP-CSF delivery method or agent. Delivery decisions may be guided by patient-centered factors including cost, convenience, and access.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/op-26-00296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:00:08Z","timestamp":1791316808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Primary Prophylactic Colony-Stimulating Factor Delivery Method on Febrile Neutropenia: Secondary Analysis of a Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1200","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5762-6704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Shih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8162-7179","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kathryn B.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5507-2640","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aasthaa","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3346-914X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ari","family":"Bell-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3808-8461","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kate","family":"Watabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8807-153X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dawn L.","family":"Hershman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5972-8280","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Scott D.","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"233","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21847"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","volume-title":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines\u00ae) for Hematopoietic Growth Factors V.3","year":"2026","unstructured":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines\u00ae) for Hematopoietic Growth Factors V.3. 2026"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.6211"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-017-3703-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08325-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2022.2093712"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","first-page":"678","article-title":"Colony-stimulating factor prescribing patterns in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer","volume":"16","author":"Ramsey SD","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ramsey SD, McCune JS, Blough DK, et al: Colony-stimulating factor prescribing patterns in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer. Am J Manag Care 16:678-686, 2010","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1188\/17.CJON.121-122"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-017-3841-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2021.1916863"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-015-2731-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/cer-2017-0005"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.38191"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01258"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.23.00219"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","volume-title":"Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)","year":"2009","unstructured":"Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). 2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2021.21010"}],"container-title":["JCO Oncology Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1200\/OP-26-00296","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:00:09Z","timestamp":1791316809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascopubs.org\/doi\/10.1200\/OP-26-00296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.1200\/OP-26-00296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/op-26-00296","relation":{},"ISSN":["2688-1527","2688-1535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2688-1527","type":"print"},{"value":"2688-1535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-26","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"OP-26-00296"}}