{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T04:45:20Z","timestamp":1788324320911,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["ascopubs.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCO Precision Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title><jats:p> Current diagnostic methods to determine programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand (PD-L1)\/PD-1 immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitor [ICI]) efficacy in recurrent or metastatic non\u2013small-cell lung carcinoma (rmNSCLC) are imprecise. Although previously shown that patients with high tumor PD-L1 (\u2265 50%) demonstrate clinical benefit in the form of disease reduction and improved survival, patients with low PD-L1 (&lt; 50%) sometimes benefit from treatment. Since the PD-L1\/PD-1 pathway is dynamic, monitoring PD-L1 levels during treatment may be more accurate than a static baseline tumor biopsy; however, rebiopsying the primary or metastatic disease is rarely feasible. Liquid biopsies that measure the upregulation of PD-L1 on tumor-associated cells (TACs), ie, cancer-associated macrophage-like cells and circulating tumor cells, have been performed, but their predictive value for ICI therapy efficacy is unknown. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p> We initiated a single-blind prospective study to evaluate TAC PD-L1 expression changes in rmNSCLC from blood samples before (T0) and after (T1) treatment with ICI (ICI, n = 41) or without ICI (no ICI, n = 41). Anonymized blood was filtered to isolate TACs, which were then quantified for high\/low PD-L1 expression. Progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) hazard ratios (HRs) were evaluated at 18 and 24 months by censored univariate analysis. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p> Increased TAC PD-L1 expression between T0 and T1 in patients who were not treated with ICI had no relationship with PFS or OS. However, increased TAC PD-L1 expression between T0 and T1 in patients treated with ICI had significantly better PFS (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.5 to 8.3; P = .0091) and OS (HR, 3.058; 95% CI, 1.2 to 7.9; P = .0410). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p> Blood-based monitoring of dynamic changes in PD-L1 in TACs appears to identify patients with rmNSCLC who may benefit from ICI. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1200\/po.22.00457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T20:59:31Z","timestamp":1671051571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Monitoring PD-L1 Expression on Circulating Tumor\u2013Associated Cells in Recurrent Metastatic Non\u2013Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Predicts Response to Immunotherapy With Radiation 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