{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T21:40:54Z","timestamp":1757540454233},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]],"date-time":"2010-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12004,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the first part of this paper it is argued that Vendler's classification of verbs into aspectual categories, called activities, accomplishments, achievements, and states, is better seen as classifying the meanings of sentences, and a recursive scheme for describing the aspectual character of sentences is presented.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In the second part, this scheme is applied to the discussion of the epistemic and deontic meanings of the modal verbs <jats:italic>must, will<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>may<\/jats:italic>. In particular, the relation between the \u201cfuture\u201d and \u201cnonfuture\u201d senses of epistemic <jats:italic>will<\/jats:italic> is examined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0102_4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,20]],"date-time":"2005-10-20T15:29:40Z","timestamp":1129822180000},"page":"216-234","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Verbs, Time, and Modality*"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"M. J.","family":"Steedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Antinucci F. &Parisi D.On English modal verbs.Papers from the Seventh Regional Meeting C.L.S. Chicago Linguistics Society 1971."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002222670000205X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Studies in the logic of verb aspect and time reference in English","author":"Dowty D. R.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"The philosophy of grammar","author":"Jespersen O.","year":"1924"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Meaning and the English verb","author":"Leech G. N.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Longuet\u2010Higgins H. C.The cat sat on the mat. Unpublished paper presented to the Edinburgh Wednesday Semantics Session 1973."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Studies in linguistic semantics","author":"McCawley J.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674421288"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"The concept of mind","author":"Ryle G.","year":"1949"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7591\/9781501743726"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-2478-4"}],"container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1207%2Fs15516709cog0102_4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1207\/s15516709cog0102_4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T18:18:44Z","timestamp":1698862724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1207\/s15516709cog0102_4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977,4]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1207\/s15516709cog0102_4"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15516709cog0102_4","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-0213","type":"print"},{"value":"1551-6709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1977,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-02-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}