{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T16:12:24Z","timestamp":1779120744220,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]],"date-time":"2010-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11821,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Our studies of naturally occurring human dialogue have led to the recognition of a class of regularities which characterize impoltant aspects of communication. People appear to interact according to established patterns which span several turns in a dialogue and which recur frequently. These patterns appear to be organized around the goals which the dialogue serves for each participant. Many things which are said later in a dialogue can only be interpreted as pursuit of these goals, established by earlier dialogue.<\/jats:p><jats:p>These patterns have been represented b) a set of knowledge structures called <jats:italic>Dialogue\u2010Games<\/jats:italic>, capturing shared, conventional knowledge that people have about communication and how it can be used to achieve goals. A Dialogue\u2010Game has <jats:italic>Parameters<\/jats:italic>, which represent those elements that vary across instances of a particular pattern\u2010the particular dialogue participants and the content topic. The states of the world which must be in effect for a particular Dialogue\u2010Game to be employed successfully are represented by <jats:italic>Specifications<\/jats:italic> of these Parameters. Finally, the expected sequence of intermediate states that occur during instances of a particular conventional pattern are represented by the <jats:italic>Components<\/jats:italic> of the corresponding Dialogue\u2010Game.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Representations for several Dialogue\u2010Games are presented here, based on our analyses of different kinds of naturally occurring dialogue. A process model is discussed, showing Dialogue\u2010Game identification, pursuit, and termination as part of the comprehension of dialogue utterances. This Dialogue\u2010Game model captures some of the important functional aspects of language, especially indirect uses to achieve implicit communication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0104_2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,20]],"date-time":"2005-10-20T15:28:40Z","timestamp":1129822120000},"page":"395-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Dialogue\u2010Games: Metacommunication Structures for Natural Language Interaction*"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"James A.","family":"Levin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"How to do things with words","author":"Austin J. L.","year":"1962"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Remembering","author":"Bartlett F. 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