{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T10:50:46Z","timestamp":1772362246165,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]],"date-time":"2010-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9722,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Affect states and reactions commonly occur in narratives. This paper discusses the importance of affect knowledge and processing in the context of BORIS, a computer program which reads and answers questions about narratives involving multiple sources of knowledge. There are several reasons why affects are important in a process model of narrative comprehension: For one thing, affects describe goal situations and signal the occurrence of expectation failures. Affective reactions also serve as an indication of the status of interpersonal relationships. Finally, affects influence the kinds of thematic structures which become instantiated in episodic memory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0703_3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,17]],"date-time":"2005-07-17T02:50:09Z","timestamp":1121568609000},"page":"211-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The Role of Affect in Narratives*"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Language, memory and thought","author":"Anderson J. R.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198245537.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Linguistic communication and speech acts","author":"Bach K.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Inside computer understanding: Five programs plus miniatures","author":"Birnbaum L.","year":"1976"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.36.2.129","article-title":"Mood and memory","volume":"36","author":"Bower G. H.","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Carbonell J. G.Subjective understanding: Computer models of belief systems. (Technical Report 150). Department of Computer Science Yale University 1979."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Motivation and emotion","author":"Cofer C. N.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Computer models of thought and language","author":"Colby K. M.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Artificial paranoia","author":"Colby K. M.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00000030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Cullingford R. D.Script application: Computer understanding of newspaper stories. (Technical Report 116) Department of Computer Science Yale University 1978."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Inside computer understanding: Five programs plus miniatures","author":"Cullingford R. E.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","article-title":"An overview of production systems","volume":"8","author":"Davis R.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-3041-2.50010-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"DeJongII G. F.Skimming stories in real time: An experiment in integrated understanding. (Technical Report 158) Department of Computer Science Yale University 1979. (a)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0303_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Brainstorms: Philosophical essays on mind and psychology","author":"Dennett D. C.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Dyer M. G.RESTAURANT revisited or \u2018lunch with BORIS\u2019.Proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 1981. (a)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Dyer M. G.The role of TAUs in narratives.Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society 1981. (b)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Dyer M. G.Integration unification reconstruction modification: An eternal parsing braid.Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 1981. (c)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyer M. G.In\u2010depth understanding: A computer model of integrated processing for narrative comprehension. (Technical Report 219) Computer Science Department Yale University 1982.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3697.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3697.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Dyer M. G.DYPAR\u2014A demon\u2010based parser. InW. G.Lehnert(Ed.) Processes of thought and language in preparation."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Dyer M. G. &Lehnert W. G.Organization and search processes for narratives. (Technical Report 175) Department of Computer Science Yale University 1980."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Language and comprehension","author":"Dyer M. G.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Dyer M. G. Wolf T. C. &Korsin M.BORIS\u2014An in\u2010depth understander of narratives.Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 1981."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Granger R. H.Adaptive understanding: Correcting erroneous inferences. (Technical Report 171) Department of Computer Science Yale University 1980."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Granger R. H.When expectation fails: Towards a self\u2010correcting inference system.Proceedings of the First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence 1980."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"The face of emotion","author":"Izard C. E.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2209-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Lebowitz M.Generalization and memory in an integrated understanding system. (Technical Report 186) Department of Computer Science Yale University 1980."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Philosophical perspectives in artificial intelligence","author":"Lehnert W. G.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Lehnert W. G.Affect and memory representation.Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society 1981."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Lehnert W. G.Plot units and narrative summarization.Cognitive Science in press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Lehnert W. G. &Burstein M. H.The role of object primitives in natural language processing.Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 1979."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(83)90014-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Mind and emotion","author":"Mandler G.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"Mandler G.Affect emotion and other cognitive curiosities.Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society 1981."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Adverbs, vowels, and other objects of wonder","author":"McCawley J. D.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-170150-5.50016-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-2973-7.50008-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Pattern\u2010directed inference systems","author":"Riesbeck C. K.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"Riesbeck C. K. &Schank R. C.Comprehension by computer. Expectation\u2010based analysis of sentences in context. (Technical Report 78) Department of Computer Science Yale University 1976."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(76)90020-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association","author":"Roseman I.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Roseman I.Cognitive aspects of discrete emotions. Unpublished dissertation Yale University 1982."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-3131-0.50014-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046234"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Conceptual information processing","author":"Schank R. C.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Strategies for natural language processing","author":"Schank R. C.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Scripts, plans, goals and understanding","author":"Schank R. C.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Associative networks","author":"Schank R. C.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","unstructured":"Schank R. C. &Lebowitz M.Does a hippie own a hairdrier?(Technical Report 144) Department of Computer Science Yale University 1979."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","volume-title":"Inside computer understanding: Five programs plus miniatures","author":"Schank R. C.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139173438"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","unstructured":"Sloman A. &Croucher M.Why robots will have emotions.Proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 1981."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"The psychology of emotions","author":"Strongman K. T.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-737550-2.50006-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","unstructured":"Wilensky R.Understanding goal\u2010based stories. (Technical Report 140) Department of Computer Science Yale University 1978. (a)"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0203_3","article-title":"Why John married Mary: Understanding stories involving recurring goals","volume":"2","author":"Wilensky R.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.35.2.151","article-title":"Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences","volume":"35","author":"Zajonc R. B.","year":"1980","journal-title":"American Psychologist"}],"container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1207%2Fs15516709cog0703_3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1207\/s15516709cog0703_3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T12:26:48Z","timestamp":1697804808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1207\/s15516709cog0703_3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,7]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1207\/s15516709cog0703_3"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15516709cog0703_3","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-0213","type":"print"},{"value":"1551-6709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-02-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}