{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T06:34:27Z","timestamp":1775457267432,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]],"date-time":"2010-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9630,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents a process model of very long\u2010term episodic memory. The process presented is a reconstructive process. The process involves application of three kinds of reconstructive strategies\u2014component\u2010to\u2010context instantiation strategies, component\u2010instantiation strategies, and context\u2010to\u2010context instantiation strategies. The first is used to direct search to appropriate conceptual categories in memory. The other two are used to direct search within the chosen conceptual category. A fourth type of strategy, called executive search strategies, guide search for concepts related to the one targeted for retrieval.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A conceptual memory organization implied by human reconstructive memory is presented along with examples which motivate it. A basic retrieval algorithm is presented for traversing that stucture. Retrieval strategies arise from failures in that algorithm. The memory organization and retrieval processes are implemented in a computer program called CYRUS which stores events in the lives of former Secretaries of State Cyrus Vance and Edmund Muskie and answers questions posed in English concerning that information. Examples which motivate the process model are drawn from protocols of human memory search. Examples of CYRUS's behavior demonstrate the implemented process model. Conclusions are drawn concerning retrieval failures and the relationship of episodic and semantic memory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0704_2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,17]],"date-time":"2005-07-17T02:49:24Z","timestamp":1121568564000},"page":"281-328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Reconstructive Memory: A Computer Model*"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Janet L.","family":"Kolodner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(74)90021-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Language, memory, and thought","author":"Anderson J. R.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Remembering: A study of experimental and social psychology","author":"Bartlett R.","year":"1932"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Representation and understanding","author":"Bobrow D. G.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Cullingford R.Script application: Computer understanding of newspaper stories.Ph.D. thesis. Research Report #116. Department of Computer Science Yale University New Haven CT 1978."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Computers and thought","author":"Feigenbaum E. A.","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Memory organization for natural language database inquiry","author":"Kolodner J. L.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Kolodner J. L.Organization and retrieval in a conceptual memory for events. InProceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Vancouver BC Canada 1981. (a)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"On beyond CYRUS: Problems associated with long\u2010term memory organization and retrieval","author":"Kolodner J. L.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0704_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Retrieval and organizational strategies in conceptual memory: A computer model","author":"Kolodner J. L.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference on Cognitive Science","author":"Kolodner J. L.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Lebowitz M.Generalization and memory in an integrated understanding system.Ph.D. Thesis. Research Report #186. Department of Computer Science.Yale University New Haven CT 1980."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA047834","volume-title":"Descriptions: A basis for memory acquisition and retrieval","author":"Norman D. 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Center for the Study of Reading IL 1979."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Organization of memory","author":"Tulving E.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams M. D.The process of retrieval from very long\u2010term memory. Center for Human Information Processing Memo CHIP\u201075 La Jolla CA 1978.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA060327"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0502_1"}],"container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1207%2Fs15516709cog0704_2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1207\/s15516709cog0704_2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T21:56:12Z","timestamp":1697752572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1207\/s15516709cog0704_2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,10]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1207\/s15516709cog0704_2"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15516709cog0704_2","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-0213","type":"print"},{"value":"1551-6709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-02-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}