{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T18:59:37Z","timestamp":1698433177558},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]],"date-time":"2010-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8534,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This essay presents a philosophical and computational theory of the representation of <jats:italic>de re<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>de dicto<\/jats:italic>, nested, and quasi\u2010indexical belief reports expressed in natural language. The propositional Semantic Network Processing System (SNePS) is used for representing and reasoning about these reports. In particular, quasi\u2010indicators (indexical expressions occurring in intentional contexts and representing uses of indicators by another speaker) pose problems far natural\u2010language representation and reasoning systems, because\u2014unlike pure indicators\u2014they cannot be replaced by coreferential NPs without changing the meaning of the embedding sentence. Therefore, the referent of the quasi\u2010indicator must be represented in such a way that no invalid coreferential claims are entailed. The importance of quasi\u2010indicators is discussed, and it is shown that all four of the above categories of belief reports can be handled by a single representational technique using belief spaces containing intensional entities. Inference rules and belief\u2010revision techniques for the system ore also examined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1004_1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,17]],"date-time":"2005-07-17T03:11:30Z","timestamp":1121569890000},"page":"371-422","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Logical Foundations for Belief Representation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"William J.","family":"Rapaport","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Agent, language, and the structure of the world","author":"Adams R.M.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Why computers can't act","volume":"18","author":"Baker L.R.","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Philosophical Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"280","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCA1\u201383)","author":"Barnden J.A.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00381575"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2184397"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Knowing who","author":"Bo\u00ebr S.E.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(77)80017-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Intending and acting","author":"Brand M.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Realism and the background of phenomenology","author":"Brentano F.","year":"1960"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of philosophy","author":"Brody B.A.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/980431.980536"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Meaning and necessity","author":"Carnap R.","year":"1956"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"130","article-title":"\u2018He\u2019: A study in the logic of self\u2010consciousness","volume":"8","author":"Castan\u0304eda H.\u2010N.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ratio"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2214709"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Indicators and quasi\u2010indicators","volume":"4","author":"Castan\u0304eda H.\u2010N.","year":"1967","journal-title":"American Philosophical Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2024296"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Philosophy","author":"Castan\u0304eda H.\u2010N.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4975.1977.tb00037.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Thinking and the Structure of the World. 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