{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T21:44:55Z","timestamp":1770500695543,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]],"date-time":"2010-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6616,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The current consensus is that most natural categories are not organized around strict definitions (a list of singly necessary and jointly sufficient features) but rather according to a family resemblance (FR) principle: Objects belong to the same category because they are similar to each other and dissimilar to objects in contrast categories. A number of computational models of category construction have been developed to provide an account of how and why people create FR categories (Anderson, 1990; Fisher, 1987). Surprisingly, however, only a few experiments on category construction or free sorting have been run and they suggest that people do not sort examples by the FR principle. We report several new experiments and a two\u2010stage model for category construction. This model is contrasted with a variety of other models with respect to their ability to account for when FR sorting will and will not occur. The experiments serve to identify one basis for FR sorting and to support the two\u2010stage model. The distinctive property of the two\u2010stage model is that it assumes that people impose more structure than the examples support in the first stage and that the second stage adjusts for this difference between preferred and perceived structure. We speculate that people do not simply assimilate probabilistic structures but rather organize them in terms of discrete structures plus noise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1601_3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,6]],"date-time":"2005-08-06T01:10:55Z","timestamp":1123290655000},"page":"81-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["A Two\u2010Stage Model of Category Construction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Woo\u2010Kyoung","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas L.","family":"Medin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Ahn W.(1990a).Effects of background knowledge on family resemblance sorting Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society(pp.149\u2013156). Hillsdale NJ :Erlbaum."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"A two\u2010stage model of category construction","author":"Ahn W.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Ahn W.(1991).Effects of background knowledge on family resemblance sorting: Part II Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society(pp.203\u2013208). Hillsdale NJ :Erlbaum."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Ahn W. &Medin D.L.(1989).A two\u2010stage categorization model of family resemblance sorting.Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society(pp.315\u2013322). 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