{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:09:56Z","timestamp":1792458596219,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]],"date-time":"2010-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6069,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Centering theory, developed within computational linguistics, provides an account of ways in which patterns of interutterance reference con promote the local coherence of discourse. It states that each utterance in a coherent discourse segment contains a single semantic entity\u2014the backward\u2010looking center\u2014that provides a link to the previous utterance, and an ordered set of entities\u2014the forward\u2010looking centers\u2014that offer potential links to the next utterance. We report five reading\u2010time experiments that test predictions of this theory with respect to the conditions under which it is preferable to realize (refer to) on entity using a pronoun rather thon o repeated definite description or name. The experiments show that there is a single backward\u2010looking center that is preferentially realized as a pronoun, and that the backward\u2010looking center is typically realized as the grammatical subject of the utterance. They also provide evidence that there is a set of forward\u2010looking centers that is ranked in terms of prominence, and that a key factor in determining prominence\u2014surface\u2010initial position\u2014does not affect determination of the backward\u2010looking center. This provides evidence for the dissociation of the coherence processes of looking backward and looking forward.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1703_1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,24]],"date-time":"2005-10-24T13:53:33Z","timestamp":1130162013000},"page":"311-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":407,"title":["Pronouns, Names, and the Centering of Attention in Discourse"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Grosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Gilliom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Planning English sentences","author":"Appelt D.E.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brennan S.E. Friedman M.W. &Pollard C.J.(1987).A centering approach to pronouns.Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics 155\u2013162.","DOI":"10.3115\/981175.981197"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carberry M.S.(1985).A pragmatics\u2010based approach to understanding intersentential ellipsis.Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics 188\u2013197.","DOI":"10.3115\/981210.981234"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Subject and topic","author":"Chafe W.L.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03197552"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(80)90560-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Discourse production and comprehension","author":"Clark H.H.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01690968808402092"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Focusing and reference resolution in PUNDIT","author":"Dahl D.A.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence\u2014AAA1-86"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(83)80010-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(82)90626-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(84)90309-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-2166(88)90046-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Gernsbacher M.A.(1988 April).Cognitive processes and mechanisms in language comprehension: The structure\u2010building framework. Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the Western Psychological Association San Francisco CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(89)90001-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA221854"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-596X(88)90016-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"The representation and use of focus in dialogue understanding","author":"Grosz B.J.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Grosz B.J.(1977b).The representation and use of focus in a system for understanding dialogs.Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Cambridge MA ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Elements of discourse understanding","author":"Grosz B.J.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grosz B.J. Joshi A.K. &Weinstein S.(1983).Providing a unified account of definite noun phrases in discourse.Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Cambridge MA .","DOI":"10.3115\/981311.981320"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Grosz B.J. Joshi A.K. &Weinstein S.(1986).Towards a computational theory of discourse interpretation. Unpublished manuscript."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Attention, intentions, and the structure of discourse","volume":"12","author":"Grosz B.J.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"New methods in reading comprehension research","author":"Haberlandt K.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(80)90331-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022226700016613"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Cohesion in English","author":"Halliday M.A.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(74)80003-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirschberg J. &Pierrehumbert J.(1986).The intonational structuring of discourse.Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics 136\u2013144.","DOI":"10.3115\/981131.981152"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"The structure of discourse and anaphore resolution: The discourse center and the roles of nouns and pronouns","author":"Hudson\u2010D'Zmura S.B.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Mental models: Toward a cognitive science of language, inference and consciousness","author":"Johnson\u2010Laird P.N.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Joshi A. &Weinstein S.(1981).Control of inference: Role of some aspects of discourse\u2010structured centering.Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 385\u2010387."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Zero anaphora: The case of Japanese","author":"Kameyama M.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Papers from the Second International Workshop on Japanese Syntax","author":"Kameyama M.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"The representation of meaning in memory","author":"Kintsch W.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(75)80065-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.85.5.363"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/413059"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(82)90746-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5371(76)90027-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Speech, place, and action","author":"Marslen\u2010Wilson W.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511620751"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(80)90355-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pollack M.E. &Pereira F.C.N.(1988).An integrated framework for semantic and pragmatic interpretation.Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.3115\/982023.982033"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Radical pragmatics","author":"Prince E.F.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Understanding written language","author":"Sanford A.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002383098803100102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"A computational model of co\u2010reference comprehension in English","author":"Sidner C.L.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0898-1221(83)90008-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"The structure and processing of fundamental frequency contours","author":"Silverman K.E.A.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Strategies of discourse comprehension","author":"Dijk T.A.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker M.A.(1989).Evaluating discourse\u2010processing algorithms.Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics.","DOI":"10.3115\/981623.981654"}],"container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1207%2Fs15516709cog1703_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1207\/s15516709cog1703_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T23:27:00Z","timestamp":1698190020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1207\/s15516709cog1703_1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1207\/s15516709cog1703_1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15516709cog1703_1","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-0213","type":"print"},{"value":"1551-6709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-02-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}