{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:59:40Z","timestamp":1781629180281,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AAPS PharmSciTech"],"DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-024-03027-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T20:53:55Z","timestamp":1737060835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A New and Safe Delivery of Sildenafil Citrate Co-Evaporate Loaded Emulgels for the Cure of Certain Male Sexual Dysfunctions"],"prefix":"10.1208","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Shaaban K.","family":"Osman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abobakr M.","family":"Yassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taher M.","family":"Yassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Abdelsalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael A.","family":"Mahdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sultan","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9774-0587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"El Hamd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3186-1896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed A. H.","family":"Abdellatif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad A.","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"3027_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2021.08.009","volume":"157","author":"LN Wright","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wright LN, Moghalu OI, Das R, Horns J, Campbell A, Hotaling J, et al. Erectile dysfunction and treatment: an analysis of associated chronic health conditions. Urology. 2021;157:148\u201354.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3027_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2020.11.004","volume":"9","author":"WD Beecken","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beecken WD, Kersting M, Kunert W, Blume G, Bacharidis N, Cohen DS, et al. Thinking about pathomechanisms and current treatment of erectile dysfunction\u2014\u201cThe stanley beamish problem.\u201d Review, recommendations, and proposals. Sex Med Rev. 2021;9:445\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sxmr.2020.11.004. (Elsevier Inc).","journal-title":"Sex Med Rev"},{"key":"3027_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1999.00142.x","volume":"84","author":"IA Ayta\u00e7","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ayta\u00e7 IA, McKinlay JB, Krane RJ. The likely worldwide increase in erectile dysfunction between 1995 and 2025 and some possible policy consequences. BJU Int. 1999;84:50\u20136.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"3027_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13203512","volume":"13","author":"MF Aldawsari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aldawsari MF, Anwer MK, Ahmed MM, Fatima F, Soliman GA, Bhatia S, et al. Enhanced dissolution of sildenafil citrate using solid dispersion with hydrophilic polymers: physicochemical characterization and in vivo sexual behavior studies in male rats. Polymers (Basel). 2021;13:1\u201315.","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"3027_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2017.12.003","volume":"15","author":"DJ Ralph","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ralph DJ, Eardley I, Taubel J, Terrill P, Holland T. Efficacy and safety of MED2005, a topical glyceryl trinitrate formulation, in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: a randomized crossover study. J Sex Med. 2018;15:167\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2017.12.003. (Elsevier Inc).","journal-title":"J Sex Med."},{"key":"3027_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01980-5","volume":"60","author":"C Steidle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Steidle C, Padma-Nathan H, Salem S, Tayse N, Thwing D, Fendl J, et al. Topical alprostadil cream for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: A combined analysis of the Phase II program. Urology. 2002;60:1077\u201382.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3027_CR7","unstructured":"Patel H, Panchal MS, Shah S. Formulation and evaluation of transdermal gel of Sildenafil citrate. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci. 2012;1:103\u201318. Available from: www.ijpras.com."},{"key":"3027_CR8","first-page":"737","volume":"44","author":"E Chung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chung E, Gilbert B, Perera M, Roberts MJ. Premature ejaculation: a clinical review for the general physician. Aust Fam Physician. 2015;44:737\u201343.","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"key":"3027_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901011","volume":"15","author":"R Henry","year":"2003","unstructured":"Henry R, Morales A. Topical lidocaine-prilocaine spray for the treatment of premature ejaculation: a proof of concept study. Int J Impot Res. 2003;15:277\u201381.","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"3027_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65528-9","volume":"156","author":"M Berkovitch","year":"1996","unstructured":"Berkovitch M, Keresteci AG, Koren G, Sahin H, Bircan MK. Efficacy of prilocaine-lidocaine cream in the treatment of premature ejaculation. J Urol. 1996;156:1783\u20134.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3027_CR11","first-page":"11","volume":"13","author":"BO Fischer Santos","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fischer Santos BO, deDues Vieira LA, Fischer R. Neurotomy: a new technique for the treatment of premature ejaculation. Int J Impot Res. 2001;13:11.","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res."},{"key":"3027_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-009-0738-0","volume":"66","author":"MA Al-Ghazawi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al-Ghazawi MA, Tutunji MS, Aburuz SM. The effects of pummelo juice on pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy adult male Jordanian volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;66:159\u201363.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3027_CR13","first-page":"5","volume":"53","author":"DJ Nichols","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nichols DJ, Muirhead GJ, Harness JA. Pharmacokinetics of sildenafil citrate after single oral doses in healthy male subjects: Absolute bioavailability, food effects and dose proportionality. Br J Clin Pharmacol Suppl. 2002;53:5\u201312.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol Suppl"},{"key":"3027_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S76314","volume":"9","author":"KM Hosny","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hosny KM, Mosli HA, Hassan AH. Soy polysaccharide as a novel superdisintegrant in sildenafil citrate sublingual tablets: Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:465\u201372.","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"3027_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10030074","volume":"10","author":"X Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang X, Xing H, Zhao Y, Ma Z. Pharmaceutical dispersion techniques for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs. Pharmaceutics. 2018;10:74.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics."},{"key":"3027_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-001-1169-6","volume":"31","author":"AM Tayyab","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tayyab AM, Sunderland VB. Solid dispersions of dihydroartemisinin in polyvinylpyrrolidone. Arch Pharm Res. 2008;31:390\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res."},{"key":"3027_CR17","first-page":"706","volume":"2","author":"R Dahima","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dahima R, Pachori A, Netam S. Formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving tablet containing amlodipine besylate solid dispersion. Int J ChemTech Res. 2010;2:706\u201315.","journal-title":"Int J ChemTech Res"},{"key":"3027_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2014.916763","volume":"23","author":"KM Hosny","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hosny KM, El-Say KM, Ahmed OA. Optimized sildenafil citrate fast orodissolvable film: a promising formula for overcoming the barriers hindering erectile dysfunction treatment. Drug Deliv. 2016;23:355\u201361.","journal-title":"Drug Deliv"},{"key":"3027_CR19","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"YQ Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu YQ, Yang X, Wu XF, Fan YB. Enhancing permeation of drug molecules across the skin via delivery in nanocarriers: novel strategies for effective transdermal applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;9:1\u201317.","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol."},{"key":"3027_CR20","first-page":"1097","volume":"42","author":"F Hampel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hampel F, Gillen M, Rohatagi SS, Lim J, Georges G. A double-blind, placebo-controlled Study of the Efficacy and safety of ebastine 20 mg once daily given with and without food in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;42:1097\u2013104.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3027_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15102302","volume":"15","author":"J Milutinov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Milutinov J, Krstono\u0161i\u0107 V, \u0106irin D, Pavlovi\u0107 N. Emulgels: Promising carrier systems for food ingredients and drugs. Polymers (Basel). 2023;15:2302.","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)."},{"key":"3027_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2021.1993889","volume":"47","author":"M Talat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Talat M, Zaman M, Khan R, Jamshaid M, Akhtar M, Mirza AZ. Emulgel: an effective drug delivery system. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2021;47:1193\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03639045.2021.1993889. (Taylor & Francis).","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm."},{"key":"3027_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8050316","volume":"8","author":"TK Sastri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sastri TK, Gupta VN, Chakraborty S, Madhusudhan S, Kumar H, Chand P, et al. Novel gels: an emerging approach for delivering of therapeutic molecules and recent trends. Gels. 2022;8:316.","journal-title":"Gels."},{"key":"3027_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.30574\/wjbphs.2022.12.3.0258","volume":"12","author":"M Kankane","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kankane M, Nigam V, Modi S, Jain S, Adhikari P. Emulgel: A dual release system for hydrophobic drug delivery. World J Biol Pharm Heal Sci. 2022;12:335\u201347.","journal-title":"World J Biol Pharm Heal Sci"},{"key":"3027_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-019-1496-7","volume":"20","author":"KM Hosny","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hosny KM, Aldawsari HM, Bahmdan RH, Sindi AM, Kurakula M, Alrobaian MM, et al. Preparation, optimization, and evaluation of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel loaded with Miconazole self-nanoemulsion for the treatment of oral thrush. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20:1\u201312.","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"3027_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11020275","volume":"11","author":"C Dannert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dannert C, Stokke BT, Dias RS. Nanoparticle-hydrogel composites: From molecular interactions to macroscopic behavior. Polymers (Basel). 2019;11:275.","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)."},{"key":"3027_CR27","first-page":"333","volume":"1","author":"AS Panwar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Panwar AS, Upadhyay N, Bairagi M, Gujar S, Darwhekar GN, Jain DK. Emulgel: a review. Asian J Pharm Life Sci. 2011;1:333\u201340.","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Life Sci"},{"key":"3027_CR28","first-page":"132","volume":"2","author":"M Najmuddin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Najmuddin M, Khan T, Aa M, Shelar S, Patel V. Enhancement of dissolution rate of ketoconazole by solid dispersion technique. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2010;2:132\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"key":"3027_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2014.08.002","volume":"24","author":"KC Ashara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ashara KC, Paun JS, Soniwala MM, Chavda JR, Mendapara VP, Mori NM. Microemulgel: an overwhelming approach to improve therapeutic action of drug moiety. Saudi Pharm J. 2016;24:452\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsps.2014.08.002. (King Saud University).","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J."},{"key":"3027_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17155","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417155","volume":"24","author":"N Rosiak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rosiak N, Tykarska E, Cielecka-Piontek J. The study of amorphous kaempferol dispersions involving FT-IR spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:17155.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3027_CR31","first-page":"322","volume":"17","author":"A Homayouni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Homayouni A, Sadeghi F, Nokhodchi A, Varshosaz J, Afrasiabi GH. Preparation and characterization of celecoxib solid dispersions; comparison of poloxamer-188 and PVP-K30 as carriers. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2014;17:322\u201331.","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"3027_CR32","first-page":"33","volume":"1","author":"HJ Rathod","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rathod HJ, Mehta DP. A review on pharmaceutical gel. Int J Pharm Sci. 2015;1:33\u201347.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"3027_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10030148","volume":"10","author":"CH Salamanca","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salamanca CH, Barrera-ocampo A, Lasso JC, Camacho N, Yarce CJ. Franz diffusion cell approach for pre-formulation characterisation of ketoprofen semi-solid dosage forms. Pharmaceutics. 2018;10:148.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"3027_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-024-02742-9","volume":"25","author":"SK Osman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Osman SK, Yassin TM, Abdelzaher A, Ahmed F, Mohammed AM, Abdellatif AAH, et al. Self-assembling organogels loaded with tenoxicam for local intensive pain and inflammation cure: in vitro and in vivo correlation. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2024;25:18.","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech."},{"key":"3027_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s40005-015-0174-3","volume":"45","author":"SH Auda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Auda SH, El-Rasoul SA, Ahmed MM, Osman SK, El-Badry M. In-vitro release and in-vivo performance of tolmetin from different topical gel formulations. J Pharm Investig. 2015;45:311\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40005-015-0174-3. (Springer Netherlands).","journal-title":"J Pharm Investig."},{"key":"3027_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600521210","volume":"52","author":"T Higuchi","year":"1963","unstructured":"Higuchi T. Mechanism of sustained-action medication. J Pharm Sci. 1963;52:1145\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"3027_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(83)90064-9","volume":"15","author":"RW Korsmeyer","year":"1983","unstructured":"Korsmeyer RW, Gurny R, Doelker E, Buri P, Peppas NA. Mechanisms of solute release from porous hydrophilic polymers. Int J Pharm. 1983;15:25\u201335.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"3027_CR38","first-page":"110","volume":"60","author":"NA Peppas","year":"1985","unstructured":"Peppas NA. Analysis of Fickian and non-Fickian drug release from polymers. Pharm Acta Helv. 1985;60:110\u20131.","journal-title":"Pharm Acta Helv"},{"key":"3027_CR39","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"FA Yafi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yafi FA, Jenkins L, Albersen M, Corona G, Isidori AM, Goldfarb S, et al. Erectile dysfunction. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2016;2:1\u201347.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"3027_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2003.02438.x","volume":"110","author":"R Basson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Basson R, Brotto LA. Sexual psychophysiology and effects of sildenafil citrate in oestrogenised women with acquired genital arousal disorder and impaired orgasm: A randomised controlled trial. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2003;110:1014\u201324.","journal-title":"BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"3027_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ketabchi AA. Clomiphene effects on idiopathic premature ejaculation. Nephrourol Mon. 2015;7:e27281.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/numonthly.27281.","DOI":"10.5812\/numonthly.27281"},{"key":"3027_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Petre GC, Francini-Pesenti F, Vitagliano A, Grande G, Ferlin A, Garolla A. Dietary supplements for erectile dysfunction: analysis of marketed products, systematic review, meta-analysis and rational use. Nutrients. 2023;15:3677.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15173677%0AAcademic.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15173677%0AAcademic"},{"key":"3027_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(01)00421-2","volume":"765","author":"J Liaw","year":"2001","unstructured":"Liaw J, Chang TW. Determination of transdermal sildenafil in nude mouse skin by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001;765:161\u20136.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl"},{"key":"3027_CR44","first-page":"289","volume":"5","author":"M Yonessi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yonessi M, Saeedi M. A double-blind placebo-controlled evaluation of the effect of topical sildenafil on erectile dysfunction. J Appl Res. 2005;5:289\u201394.","journal-title":"J Appl Res"},{"key":"3027_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.08.024","volume":"350","author":"JLV dos Anjos","year":"2008","unstructured":"dos Anjos JLV, Alonso A. Terpenes increase the partitioning and molecular dynamics of an amphipathic spin label in stratum corneum membranes. Int J Pharm. 2008;350:103\u201312.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"3027_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.4103\/0110-5558.72415","volume":"1","author":"P Verma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Verma P, Pathak K. Therapeutic and cosmeceutical potential of ethosomes: An overview. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2010;1:274\u201382.","journal-title":"J Adv Pharm Technol Res"},{"key":"3027_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2016.11.055","volume":"225","author":"FH Pirhayati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pirhayati FH, Shayanfar A, Fathi-Azarbayjani A, Martinez F, Sajedi-Amin S, Jouyban A. Thermodynamic solubility and density of sildenafil citrate in ethanol and water mixtures: Measurement and correlation at various temperatures. J Mol Liq. 2017;225:631\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molliq.2016.11.055. (Elsevier B.V.).","journal-title":"J Mol Liq."},{"key":"3027_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/sm2.28","volume":"2","author":"SE Althof","year":"2014","unstructured":"Althof SE, Mcmahon CG, Waldinger MD, Serefoglu EC, Shindel AW, Adaikan PG, et al. An update of the international society of sexual medicine\u2019s guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of premature Ejaculation (PE). Sex Med. 2014;2:60\u201390.","journal-title":"Sex Med"},{"key":"3027_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.01.028","volume":"52","author":"T Symonds","year":"2007","unstructured":"Symonds T, Perelman MA, Althof S, Giuliano F, Martin M, May K, et al. Development and validation of a premature ejaculation diagnostic tool. Eur Urol. 2007;52:565\u201373.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"3027_CR50","first-page":"820","volume":"15","author":"E Khodaverdi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khodaverdi E, Khalili N, Zangiabadi F, Homayouni A. Preparation, characterization and stability studies of glassy solid dispersions of indomethacin using PVP and isomalt as carriers. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2012;15:820\u201332.","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"3027_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3844\/ajptsp.2017.39.47","volume":"12","author":"SN Hanis Mamood","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hanis Mamood SN. Dermal toxicity of a repellent formulation containing Piper aduncum Linnaeus (Piperales: Piperaceae) essential oil. Am J Pharm Toxicol. 2017;12:39\u201347.","journal-title":"Am J Pharm Toxicol"},{"key":"3027_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.01.032","volume":"112","author":"S Kulshrestha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kulshrestha S, Chawla R, Alam MT, Adhikari JS, Basu M. Efficacy and dermal toxicity analysis of Sildenafil citrate based topical hydrogel formulation against traumatic wounds. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;112:108571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.01.032. (Elsevier).","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother."},{"key":"3027_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-012-2292-8","volume":"111","author":"TA Julio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Julio TA, Zamara IF, Garcia JS, Trevisan MG. Compatibility of sildenafil citrate and pharmaceutical excipients by thermal analysis and LC \u2013 UV. Therm Anal Calorimtry. 2013;111:2037\u201344.","journal-title":"Therm Anal Calorimtry"},{"key":"3027_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062632","volume":"28","author":"I Jendrzejewska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jendrzejewska I, Goryczka T, Pietrasik E, Klimontko J, Jampilek J. Identification of sildenafil compound in selected drugs using X-ray study and thermal analysis. Molecules. 2023;28:2632.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"3027_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_87_18","volume":"11","author":"F Febriyenti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Febriyenti F, Rahmi S, Halim A. Study of gliclazide solid dispersion systems using PVP K-30 and PEG 6000 by solvent Method. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2023;11:262\u20132667.","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"3027_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.18466\/cbayarfbe.613951","volume":"15","author":"HS Canbay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Canbay HS, Do\u011fant\u00fcrk M. Compatibility studies of Sildenafil with different excipients by using TGA, DSC, XRD and FTIR. Celal Bayar \u00dcniversitesi Fen Bilim Derg. 2019;15:401\u20137.","journal-title":"Celal Bayar \u00dcniversitesi Fen Bilim Derg"},{"key":"3027_CR57","first-page":"132","volume":"2","author":"P Karade","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karade P. Formulation and evaluation of celecoxib gel. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2012;2:132\u20135.","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Ther"},{"key":"3027_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3361","volume":"12","author":"Y Deng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deng Y, Liu Z, Geng Y. Anti-allergic effect of Artemisia extract in rats. Exp Ther Med. 2016;12:1130\u20134.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"3027_CR59","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"N Islam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Islam N, Irfan M, Zahoor AF, Iqbal MS, Syed HK, Khan IU, et al. Improved bioavailability of ebastine through development of transfersomal oral films. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13:1\u201320.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"3027_CR60","first-page":"254","volume":"2","author":"V Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar V, Mahant S, Rao R, Nanda S. Emulgel based topical delivery system for loratadine. ADMET DMPK. 2014;2:254\u201371.","journal-title":"ADMET DMPK"},{"key":"3027_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199651020-00006","volume":"51","author":"LR Wiseman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wiseman LR, Faulds D. Ebastine: A review of its pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy in the treatment of allergic disorders. Drugs. 1996;51:260\u201377.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"3027_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2021.2015483","volume":"29","author":"BA Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan BA, Ali A, Hosny KM, Halwani AA, Almehmady AM, Iqbal M, et al. Carbopol emulgel loaded with ebastine for urticaria: development, characterization, in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv. 2022;29:52\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10717544.2021.2015483. (Taylor & Francis).","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."}],"container-title":["AAPS PharmSciTech"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1208\/s12249-024-03027-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1208\/s12249-024-03027-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1208\/s12249-024-03027-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T19:27:07Z","timestamp":1739993227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1208\/s12249-024-03027-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["3027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-024-03027-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-9932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-9932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic of andrology, department of dermatology, Venereology, and Andrology, Assiut University Hospital, and Al Azhar University Hospital. The study was carried out according to the ethical approval number AZ-\/PH\/5\/C\/2022, approved by the College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"All authors have agreed to the publication of this manuscript.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}},{"value":"There is no conflict of interest with any other authors or companies that may influence the work in the current paper.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"37"}}