{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T04:31:34Z","timestamp":1782361894945,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AAPS PharmSciTech"],"DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-026-03334-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T01:44:37Z","timestamp":1771465477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Felodipine via Solid Self-microemulsion Delivery System"],"prefix":"10.1208","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6473-6654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6039-6902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lusi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0361-8597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingshu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1358-125X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caleb Kesse","family":"Firempong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9955-2304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9084-3412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8864-0058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongfei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3334_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2","volume":"16","author":"KT Mills","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mills KT, Stefanescu A, He J. The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16(4):223\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"23","key":"3334_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv727","volume":"37","author":"YM Pinto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pinto YM, Elliott PM, Arbustini E, Adler Y, Anastasakis A, B\u00f6hm M, et al. Proposal for a revised definition of dilated cardiomyopathy, hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy, and its implications for clinical practice: a position statement of the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(23):1850\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv727.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"3334_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr., Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, et al. 2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):1269\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/hyp.0000000000000066.","DOI":"10.1161\/hyp.0000000000000066"},{"issue":"10","key":"3334_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328364ca4c","volume":"31","author":"G Mancia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Red\u00e1n J, Zanchetti A, B\u00f6hm M, et al. 2013 practice guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC): ESH\/ESC task force for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens. 2013;31(10):1925\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328364ca4c.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"12","key":"3334_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1097\/hjh.0000000000001961","volume":"36","author":"B Williams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 practice guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology: ESH\/ESC task force for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens. 2018;36(12):2284\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/hjh.0000000000001961.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"12","key":"3334_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-012-0030-3","volume":"29","author":"S Omboni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Omboni S, Malacco E, Mallion JM, Volpe M. Antihypertensive efficacy and safety of olmesartan medoxomil and ramipril in elderly mild to moderate essential hypertensive patients with or without metabolic syndrome: a pooled post hoc analysis of two comparative trials. Drugs Aging. 2012;29(12):981\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40266-012-0030-3.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"3334_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198836040-00002","volume":"36","author":"E Saltiel","year":"1988","unstructured":"Saltiel E, Ellrodt AG, Monk JP, Langley MS. Felodipine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in hypertension. Drugs. 1988;36(4):387\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003495-198836040-00002.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"3334_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3317\/jraas.2002.022","volume":"3","author":"P Swales","year":"2002","unstructured":"Swales P, Williams B. Calcium channel blockade in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition or angiotensin II (AT(1)-receptor) antagonism in hypertensive diabetics and patients with renal disease and hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2002;3(2):79\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3317\/jraas.2002.022.","journal-title":"J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"3334_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199121060-00003","volume":"21","author":"PHJM Dunselman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dunselman PHJM, Edgar B. Felodipine clinical pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1991;21(6):418\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003088-199121060-00003.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"2","key":"3334_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198500292-00011","volume":"29","author":"B Ljung","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ljung B. Vascular selectivity of felodipine. Drugs. 1985;29(2):46\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003495-198500292-00011.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"3334_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00613449","volume":"29","author":"PJE Mace","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mace PJE, Stallard TJ, Littler WA. Felodipine in hypertension. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1985;29(4):383\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00613449.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3334_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.3.856","volume":"96","author":"JN Cohn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cohn JN, Ziesche S, Smith R, Anand I, Dunkman WB, Loeb H, et al. Effect of the calcium antagonist felodipine as supplementary vasodilator therapy in patients with chronic heart failure treated with enalapril. Circulation. 1997;96(3):856\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.96.3.856.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"3334_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-019-1495-8","volume":"20","author":"X Yin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yin X, Pan H, Liu H. A novel micron-size particulate formulation of felodipine with improved release and enhanced oral bioavailability fabricated by coaxial electrospray. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20(7):282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-019-1495-8.","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"3334_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/s12247-015-9233-6","volume":"10","author":"S Akula","year":"2015","unstructured":"Akula S, Gurram AK, Devireddy SR, Deshpande PB. Evaluation of surfactant effect on self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of lercanidipine hydrochloride: formulation and evaluation. J Pharm Innov. 2015;10:374\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12247-015-9233-6.","journal-title":"J Pharm Innov"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3334_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.08.046","volume":"366","author":"V Agarwal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Agarwal V, Siddiqui A, Ali H, Nazzal S. Dissolution and powder flow characterization of solid self-emulsified drug delivery system (SEDDS). Int J Pharm. 2009;366(1\u20132):44\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.08.046.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"6","key":"3334_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2014.896058","volume":"22","author":"S Dokania","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dokania S, Joshi AK. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) - challenges and road ahead. Drug Deliv. 2015;22(6):675\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/10717544.2014.896058.","journal-title":"Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"1","key":"3334_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v33.i1.20","volume":"33","author":"R Karwal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karwal R, Garg T, Rath G, Markandeywar TS. Current trends in self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs) to enhance the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2016;33(1):1\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1615\/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v33.i1.20.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"3334_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90962-9","volume":"15","author":"A Pawar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pawar A, Dere S, Pandhare R, Mohite P, Alharbi HM, Subramaniyan V, et al. Enhancing solubility and dissolution of felodipine using self-nanoemulsifying drug systems through in vitro evaluation. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):8900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-90962-9.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3334_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abou Assi R,  Abdulbaqi MI, Seok Ming T, Siok Yee C, A. Wahab H, Asif SM, et al. Liquid and Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDs) as carriers for the oral delivery of azithromycin: optimization, in vitro characterization and stability assessment. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(11):1052.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics12111052.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12111052"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"3334_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2006.04.016","volume":"29","author":"CW Pouton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pouton CW. Formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs for oral administration: physicochemical and physiological issues and the lipid formulation classification system. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2006;29(3\u20134):278\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2006.04.016.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"3334_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2007.09.007","volume":"60","author":"NL Trevaskis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Trevaskis NL, Charman WN, Porter CJ. Lipid-based delivery systems and intestinal lymphatic drug transport: a mechanistic update. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(6):702\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2007.09.007.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"3334_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8739","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.S224044","volume":"14","author":"H Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu H, Mei J, Xu Y, Tang L, Chen D, Zhu Y, et al. Improving The Oral Absorption Of Nintedanib By A Self-Microemulsion Drug Delivery System: Preparation And In Vitro\/In Vivo Evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:8739\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ijn.S224044.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"3334_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2022.103716","volume":"33","author":"PV Dangre","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dangre PV, Shinde SB, Surana SJ, Jain PG, Chalikwar SS. Development and exploration on flowability of solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of morin hydrate. Adv Powder Technol. 2022;33(8): 103716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apt.2022.103716.","journal-title":"Adv Powder Technol"},{"key":"3334_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.11.006","volume":"142","author":"P Joyce","year":"2019","unstructured":"Joyce P, Dening TJ, Meola TR, Schultz HB, Holm R, Thomas N, et al. Solidification to improve the biopharmaceutical performance of SEDDS: opportunities and challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2019;142:102\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2018.11.006.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"3334_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.02.022","volume":"110","author":"SG Gumaste","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gumaste SG, Freire BOS, Serajuddin ATM. Development of solid SEDDS, VI: effect of precoating of Neusilin(\u00ae) US2 with PVP on drug release from adsorbed self-emulsifying lipid-based formulations. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2017;110:124\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.02.022.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3334_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-023-02511-0","volume":"24","author":"ZX Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin ZX, Zheng K, Azad MA, et al. Preparation of Free-Flowing Spray-Dried Amorphous Composites Using Neusilin\u00ae. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2023;24(1):11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-023-02511-0.","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"3334_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.08.013","volume":"337","author":"I Maji","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maji I, Mahajan S, Sriram A, Medtiya P, Vasave R, Khatri DK, et al. Solid self emulsifying drug delivery system: superior mode for oral delivery of hydrophobic cargos. J Control Release. 2021;337:646\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.08.013.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"1","key":"3334_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-024-03032-0","volume":"26","author":"L Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen L, Zhang X, Xie J, Xiao T, Zhong H, He H, et al. Valsartan loaded solid self-nanoemulsifying delivery system to enhance oral absorption and bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2025;26(1):45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-024-03032-0.","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"issue":"5","key":"3334_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-019-1421-0","volume":"20","author":"K Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang K, Wang Q, Yang Q, Wei Q, Man N, Adu-Frimpong M, et al. Enhancement of oral bioavailability and anti-hyperuricemic activity of isoliquiritigenin via self-microemulsifying drug delivery system. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20(5):218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-019-1421-0.","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"issue":"1","key":"3334_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/s0169-409x(00)00103-4","volume":"45","author":"MJ Lawrence","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lawrence MJ, Rees GD. Microemulsion-based media as novel drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2000;45(1):89\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0169-409x(00)00103-4.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"3334_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2019.1695206","volume":"70","author":"JR Madan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Madan JR, Patil K, Awasthi R, Dua K. Formulation and evaluation of solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for azilsartan medoxomil. Int J Polym Mater Polym Biomater. 2021;70(2):100\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00914037.2019.1695206.","journal-title":"Int J Polym Mater Polym Biomater"},{"key":"3334_CR32","unstructured":"ICH (2003) Q1A(R2) Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products. International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https:\/\/www.ich.org\/page\/quality-guidelines. Accessed 22 Nov 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"3334_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7439(98)00126-9","volume":"43","author":"L Eriksson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Eriksson L, Johansson E, Wikstr\u00f6m C. Mixture design\u2014design generation, PLS analysis, and model usage. Chemometr Intell Lab Syst. 1998;43(1):1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0169-7439(98)00126-9.","journal-title":"Chemometr Intell Lab Syst"},{"issue":"415","key":"3334_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.2307\/2290436","volume":"86","author":"K Larntz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Larntz K. Experiments with mixtures: designs, models, and the analysis of mixture data. J Am Stat Assoc. 1991;86(415):835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2290436.","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"3334_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2021.01.037","volume":"110","author":"X Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao X, Zhu Q, Wang QL, Adu-Frimpong M, Wei CM, Weng W, et al. Improvement of oral bioavailability and anti-tumor effect of zingerone self-microemulsion drug delivery system. J Pharm Sci. 2021;110(7):2718\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xphs.2021.01.037.","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3334_CR36","first-page":"50","volume":"52","author":"M Trotta","year":"1997","unstructured":"Trotta M, Morel S, Gasco MR. Effect of oil phase composition on the skin permeation of felodipine from o\/w microemulsions. Pharmazie. 1997;52(1):50\u20133.","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3334_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.12.022","volume":"355","author":"GM El Maghraby","year":"2008","unstructured":"El Maghraby GM. Transdermal delivery of hydrocortisone from eucalyptus oil microemulsion: effects of cosurfactants. Int J Pharm. 2008;355(1\u20132):285\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.12.022.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"3334_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics8030020","author":"A Nasr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nasr A, Gardouh A, Ghorab M. Novel solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) for oral delivery of Olmesartan Medoxomil: design, formulation, pharmacokinetic and bioavailability evaluation. Pharmaceutics. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics8030020.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"3334_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2006.10.014","volume":"66","author":"S Shafiq","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shafiq S, Shakeel F, Talegaonkar S, Ahmad FJ, Khar RK, Ali M. Development and bioavailability assessment of ramipril nanoemulsion formulation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2007;66(2):227\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpb.2006.10.014.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"issue":"5","key":"3334_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b15-00854","volume":"39","author":"Q Guan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guan Q, Zhang G, Sun S, Fan H, Sun C, Zhang S. Enhanced oral bioavailability of Pueraria flavones by a novel solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) dropping pills. Biol Pharm Bull. 2016;39(5):762\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/bpb.b15-00854.","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"3334_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10821","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160510821","volume":"16","author":"MS Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim MS, Ha ES, Choo GH, Baek IH. Preparation and in vivo evaluation of a dutasteride-loaded solid-supersaturatable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(5):10821\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms160510821.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3334_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2009.08.014","volume":"383","author":"Z Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang Z, Sun J, Wang Y, Liu X, Liu Y, Fu Q, et al. Solid self-emulsifying nitrendipine pellets: preparation and in vitro\/in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm. 2010;383(1\u20132):1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2009.08.014.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"3334_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3109\/03639045.2013.768632","volume":"40","author":"A Deshmukh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deshmukh A, Kulkarni S. Solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of ritonavir. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2014;40(4):477\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/03639045.2013.768632.","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"key":"3334_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S104187","volume":"11","author":"K Mohsin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohsin K, Alamri R, Ahmad A, Raish M, Alanazi FK, Hussain MD. Development of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems for the enhancement of solubility and oral bioavailability of fenofibrate, a poorly water-soluble drug. Int J Nanomedicine. 2016;11:2829\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S104187.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"3334_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2005.12.005","volume":"63","author":"W Wu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wu W, Wang Y, Que L. Enhanced bioavailability of silymarin by self-microemulsifying drug delivery system. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2006;63(3):288\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpb.2005.12.005.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"3334_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2020.1760961","volume":"27","author":"R Verma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Verma R, Kaushik D. Design and optimization of candesartan loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for improving its dissolution rate and pharmacodynamic potential. Drug Deliv. 2020;27(1):756\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10717544.2020.1760961.","journal-title":"Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"2","key":"3334_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2004.09.015","volume":"283","author":"RK Mitra","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mitra RK, Paul BK. Physicochemical investigations of microemulsification of eucalyptus oil and water using mixed surfactants (AOT+Brij-35) and butanol. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2005;283(2):565\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcis.2004.09.015.","journal-title":"J Colloid Interface Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"3334_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2020.1762201","volume":"46","author":"UK Vijayan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vijayan UK, Varakumar S, Sole S, Singhal RS. Enhancement of loading and oral bioavailability of curcumin loaded self-microemulsifying lipid carriers using Curcuma oleoresins. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2020;46(6):889\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03639045.2020.1762201.","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"3334_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-019-1361-8","volume":"20","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Xu W, Zhang J, Liao Y, Firempong CK, Adu-Frimpong M, et al. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for improved oral delivery of limonene: preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20(4):153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-019-1361-8.","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"3334_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123055","volume":"641","author":"KV Raman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raman KV, Dudhipala N, Nyavanandi D, Sarabu S, Yadav Janga K, Ajjarapu S, et al. Formulation and processing of solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (HME S-SEDDS): A single-step manufacturing process via hot-melt extrusion technology through response surface methodology. Int J Pharm. 2023;641:123055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123055.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"22","key":"3334_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.5897\/AJPP2013.2987","volume":"7","author":"H Mahmoud","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mahmoud H, Al-Suwayeh S, Elkadi S. Design and optimization of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems of simvastatin aiming dissolution enhancement. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2013;7(22):1482\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5897\/AJPP2013.2987.","journal-title":"Afr J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3334_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2015.01.024","volume":"23","author":"RN Dash","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dash RN, Mohammed H, Humaira T, Ramesh D. Design, optimization and evaluation of glipizide solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery for enhanced solubility and dissolution. Saudi Pharm J. 2015;23(5):528\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsps.2015.01.024.","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"},{"issue":"3","key":"3334_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s40005-017-0308-x","volume":"48","author":"MN Ahsan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahsan MN, Verma PRP. Enhancement of in vitro dissolution and pharmacodynamic potential of olanzapine using solid SNEDDS. J Pharm Investig. 2018;48(3):269\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40005-017-0308-x.","journal-title":"J Pharm Investig"},{"issue":"3","key":"3334_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3109\/02652048.2013.843601","volume":"31","author":"P Kanaujia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kanaujia P, Ng WK, Tan RB. Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SEDDS) for improved dissolution rate of fenofibrate. J Microencapsul. 2014;31(3):293\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02652048.2013.843601.","journal-title":"J Microencapsul"},{"key":"3334_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2018.07.092","volume":"338","author":"P Sharma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sharma P, Singh SK, Pandey NK, Rajesh SY, Bawa P, Kumar B, et al. Impact of solid carriers and spray drying on pre\/post-compression properties, dissolution rate and bioavailability of solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system loaded with simvastatin. Powder Technol. 2018;338:836\u201346.","journal-title":"Powder Technol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3334_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-013-1107-3","volume":"30","author":"A Tan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tan A, Rao S, Prestidge CA. Transforming lipid-based oral drug delivery systems into solid dosage forms: an overview of solid carriers, physicochemical properties, and biopharmaceutical performance. Pharm Res. 2013;30(12):2993\u20133017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11095-013-1107-3.","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"3334_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208339","volume":"13","author":"HY Son","year":"2018","unstructured":"Son HY, Chae BR, Choi JY, Shin DJ, Goo YT, Lee ES, et al. Optimization of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for phospholipid complex of telmisartan using D-optimal mixture design. PLoS One. 2018;13(12):e0208339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0208339.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"3334_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-023-02693-7","volume":"24","author":"D Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu D, Liu R, Zhuang Z, Yao B, Qin C, Ma F, et al. Preparation of Self-microemulsion Solids of Kaempferia galanga (L.) Volatile Oil and Its Effect on Rats with Gastric Ulcer. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2023;24(8):243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-023-02693-7.","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"3334_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02446-z","volume":"22","author":"H Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang H, Tang C, Xiang Y, et al. Tea polyphenol-derived nanomedicine for targeted photothermal thrombolysis and inflammation suppression. J Nanobiotechnol. 2024;22:146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-024-02446-z.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"3334_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1577757","author":"H Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li H, Li F, Zhou Y, Xiang Z, Zhou B, Lan B, et al. The pharmacokinetics effects of the MCAO model on senkyunolide I in pseudo germ-free rats after oral co-administration of Chuanxiong and warfarin. Front Pharmacol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1577757.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3334_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2019.1594885","volume":"45","author":"Q Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang Q, Wang Q, Feng Y, Wei Q, Sun C, Firempong CK, et al. Anti-hyperuricemic property of 6-shogaol via self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system in model rats: formulation design, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2019;45(8):1265\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03639045.2019.1594885.","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"key":"3334_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang X, Wu X, Feng Y, Yang Q, Chen T, Li D, et al. Improving the Oral Absorption of Celecoxib via Solid Self-Microemulsion Drug Delivery System: Preparation and In Vitro\/In Vivo Evaluation. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023;85(6):1281\u2013838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36468\/pharmaceutica-sciences.1240.","DOI":"10.36468\/pharmaceutica-sciences.1240"},{"issue":"6","key":"3334_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17125","volume":"9","author":"T Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma T, Tang B, Wang Y, Shen M, Ping Y, Wang L, et al. Cinnamon oil solid self-microemulsion mediates chronic mild stress-induced depression in mice by modulating monoamine neurotransmitters, corticosterone, inflammation cytokines, and intestinal flora. Heliyon. 2023;9(6):e17125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17125.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"6","key":"3334_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20068","volume":"93","author":"C Tuleu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tuleu C, Newton M, Rose J, Euler D, Saklatvala R, Clarke A, et al. Comparative bioavailability study in dogs of a self-emulsifying formulation of progesterone presented in a pellet and liquid form compared with an aqueous suspension of progesterone. J Pharm Sci. 2004;93(6):1495\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jps.20068.","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3334_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/colloids7010016","volume":"7","author":"RK Ameta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ameta RK, Soni K, Bhattarai A. Recent advances in improving the bioavailability of hydrophobic\/lipophilic drugs and their delivery via self-emulsifying formulations. Colloids Interfaces. 2023;7(1):16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/colloids7010016.","journal-title":"Colloids Interfaces"},{"key":"3334_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6147","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.S91216","volume":"10","author":"R Rashid","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rashid R, Kim DW, Yousaf AM, Mustapha O, Fakhar UdD, Park JH, et al. Comparative study on solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery and solid dispersion system for enhanced solubility and bioavailability of ezetimibe. Int J Nanomedicine. 2015;10:6147\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ijn.S91216.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"3334_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/848043","volume":"2013","author":"S Gupta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gupta S, Kesarla R, Omri A. Formulation strategies to improve the bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs with special emphasis on self-emulsifying systems. ISRN Pharm. 2013;2013:848043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/848043.","journal-title":"ISRN Pharm"}],"container-title":["AAPS PharmSciTech"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1208\/s12249-026-03334-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1208\/s12249-026-03334-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1208\/s12249-026-03334-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T08:49:27Z","timestamp":1780390167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1208\/s12249-026-03334-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["3334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-026-03334-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-9932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-9932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors report no declarations of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"98"}}