{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T18:42:45Z","timestamp":1790534565406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid disease of viral or postviral origin. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that began in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly worldwide and Italy has been severely affected by this outbreak.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this work is to report the first case of SAT related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We describe the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of an 18-year-old woman who came to our attention for fever, neck pain radiated to the jaw, and palpitations occurring 15 days after a SARS-CoV-2\u2013positive oropharyngeal swab. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had been mild and the patient had completely recovered in a few days.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At physical examination the patient presented with a slightly increased heart rate and a painful and enlarged thyroid on palpation. At laboratory exams free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine were high, thyrotropin undetectable, and inflammatory markers and white blood cell count elevated. Bilateral and diffuse hypoechoic areas were detected at neck ultrasound. One month earlier, thyroid function and imaging both were normal. We diagnosed SAT and the patient started prednisone. Neck pain and fever recovered within 2 days and the remaining symptoms within 1 week. Thyroid function and inflammatory markers normalized in 40 days.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We report the first case of SAT after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We alert clinicians to additional and unreported clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T13:08:13Z","timestamp":1590066493000},"page":"2367-2370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":295,"title":["Subacute Thyroiditis After Sars-COV-2 Infection"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5615-6325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Brancatella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Viola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Sgr\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferruccio","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0297-5904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Latrofa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.47.0740","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 852 patients with subacute thyroiditis before treatment","volume":"47","author":"Nishihara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intern Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347442","article-title":"Subacute thyroiditis: clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in fifty-six consecutive patients diagnosed between 1999 and 2005","volume":"30","author":"Benbassat","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-5","article-title":"Viruses and thyroiditis: an update","volume":"6","author":"Desailloud","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virol J."},{"key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1997.7.45","article-title":"The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and follow-up of subacute thyroiditis","volume":"7","author":"Bennedbaek","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thyroid."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345804","article-title":"Thyroglobulin autoantibodies of patients with subacute thyroiditis are restricted to a major B cell epitope","volume":"35","author":"Latrofa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1159\/000501033","article-title":"Moderate frequency of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies in the early phase of subacute thyroiditis","volume":"8","author":"Nishihara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa038","article-title":"The detection of serum IgMs to thyroglobulin in subacute thyroiditis suggests a protective role of IgMs in thyroid autoimmunity","volume":"105","author":"Ricci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0052","article-title":"Effect of thyroglobulin autoantibodies on the metabolic clearance of serum thyroglobulin","volume":"28","author":"Latrofa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thyroid."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021799","article-title":"Clinical features and outcome of subacute thyroiditis in an incidence cohort: Olmsted County, Minnesota, study","volume":"88","author":"Fatourechi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.7888\/juoeh.37.103","article-title":"Prednisolone dosing regimen for treatment of subacute thyroiditis","volume":"37","author":"Arao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J UOEH."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.80.12.8530615","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of subacute thyroiditis classified according to human leukocyte antigen typing","volume":"80","author":"Ohsako","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0013","first-page":"414","article-title":"Sporadic painless, painful subacute and acute infectious thyroiditis","volume-title":"Ingbar\u2019s The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text.","author":"Farwell","year":"2013","edition":"10"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.113.141","article-title":"Subacute thyroiditis: observations on 98 cases for the last 14 years","volume":"113","author":"Saito","year":"1974","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03348138","article-title":"High prevalence of subacute thyroiditis during summer season in Italy","volume":"10","author":"Martino","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-240","article-title":"Expanded dengue syndrome: subacute thyroiditis and intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"12","author":"Assir","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.11.010","article-title":"A case of subacute thyroiditis associated with primary HIV infection","volume":"122","author":"Bouillet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)30813-0","article-title":"Acute hepatitis E virus infection and association with a subacute thyroiditis","volume":"14","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Artola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2006.06.011","article-title":"Pathology of the thyroid in severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Wei","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Pathol."},{"issue":"10231","key":"2021122116320194900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30627-9","article-title":"COVID-19 and Italy: what next?","volume":"395","author":"Remuzzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa276\/33226951\/dgaa276.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/105\/7\/2367\/41840885\/jcem_105_7_2367.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/105\/7\/2367\/41840885\/jcem_105_7_2367.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T17:02:26Z","timestamp":1640106146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/105\/7\/2367\/5838793"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa276","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]]}}}