{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T12:13:12Z","timestamp":1792843992228,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The 2 hormones responsible for the amplification of insulin secretion after oral as opposed to intravenous nutrient administration are the gut peptides, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). However, whereas GLP-1 also inhibits appetite and food intake and improves glucose regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), GIP seems to be devoid of these activities, although the 2 hormones as well as their receptors are highly related. In fact, numerous studies have suggested that GIP may promote obesity. However, chimeric peptides, combining elements of both peptides and capable of activating both receptors, have recently been demonstrated to have remarkable weight-losing and glucose-lowering efficacy in obese individuals with T2DM. At the same time, antagonists of the GIP receptor have been reported to reduce weight gain\/cause weight loss in experimental animals including nonhuman primates. This suggests that both agonists and antagonist of the GIP receptor should be useful, at least for weight-losing therapy. How is this possible? We here review recent experimental evidence that agonist-induced internalization of the two receptors differs markedly and that modifications of the ligand structures, as in co-agonists, profoundly influence these cellular processes and may explain that an antagonist may activate while an agonist may block receptor signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T13:40:21Z","timestamp":1590586821000},"page":"e2710-e2716","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":200,"title":["GIP as a Therapeutic Target in Diabetes and Obesity: Insight From Incretin Co-agonists"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-3805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens Juul","family":"Holst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9600-3254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mette Marie","family":"Rosenkilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-63-2-492","article-title":"Incretin effects of increasing glucose loads in man calculated from venous insulin and C-peptide responses","volume":"63","author":"Nauck","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02427280","article-title":"Reduced incretin effect in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Nauck","year":"1986","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0100","article-title":"Reduced incretin effect in type 2 diabetes: cause or consequence of the diabetic state?","volume":"56","author":"Knop","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116186","article-title":"Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide 1 [7-36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"91","author":"Nauck","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI990","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 promotes satiety and suppresses energy intake in humans","volume":"101","author":"Flint","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E614","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00639.2009","article-title":"On the role of glucose-dependent insulintropic polypeptide in postprandial metabolism in humans","volume":"298","author":"Asmar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"10160","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32260-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, placebo-controlled and active comparator-controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"392","author":"Frias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"472","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat3392","article-title":"Anti-obesity effects of GIPR antagonists alone and in combination with GLP-1R agonists in preclinical models","volume":"10","author":"Killion","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13034","article-title":"A novel GIP analogue, ZP4165, enhances glucagon-like peptide-1-induced body weight loss and improves glycaemic control in rodents","volume":"20","author":"N\u00f8rregaard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab."},{"key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnz002","article-title":"Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor therapies for the treatment of obesity, do agonists = antagonists?","author":"Killion","year":"2020;41(1):002","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-81771-7_1","article-title":"Gastric inhibitory polypeptide","volume":"24","author":"Brown","year":"1982","journal-title":"Monogr Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-37-5-826","article-title":"Stimulation of insulin secretion by gastric inhibitory polypeptide in man","volume":"37","author":"Dupre","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-69-3-654","article-title":"Insulinotropic properties of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in man: interactions with glucose, phenylalanine, and cholecystokinin-8","volume":"69","author":"Nauck","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(87)81430-8","article-title":"Truncated glucagon-like peptide I, an insulin-releasing hormone from the distal gut","volume":"211","author":"Holst","year":"1987","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112855","article-title":"Insulinotropin: glucagon-like peptide I (7-37) co-encoded in the glucagon gene is a potent stimulator of insulin release in the perfused rat pancreas","volume":"79","author":"Mojsov","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"8571","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91194-9","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 7-36: a physiological incretin in man","volume":"2","author":"Kreymann","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(03)00111-3","article-title":"Both glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are insulinotropic at basal and postprandial glucose levels in healthy subjects","volume":"114","author":"Vilsboll","year":"2003","journal-title":"Regul Pept."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42531-8","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-3 analogue, from Heloderma suspectum venom. Further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas","volume":"267","author":"Eng","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"30","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21432","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)36628-1","article-title":"Truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 interacts with exendin receptors on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas. Identification of a mammalian analogue of the reptilian peptide exendin-4","volume":"267","author":"Raufman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.11.2628","article-title":"Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Buse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.1.86","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 has a physiological role in the control of postprandial glucose in humans: studies with the antagonist exendin 9-39","volume":"48","author":"Edwards","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1349","article-title":"Exendin(9-39)amide is an antagonist of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide in humans","volume":"101","author":"Schirra","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4909","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0605","article-title":"Regulation of islet hormone release and gastric emptying by endogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 after glucose ingestion","volume":"93","author":"Salehi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13384","article-title":"N-terminally and C-terminally truncated forms of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide are high-affinity competitive antagonists of the human GIP receptor","volume":"173","author":"Hansen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-1123","article-title":"Separate and combined glucometabolic effects of endogenous glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide 1 in healthy individuals","volume":"68","author":"Gasbjerg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi19-0005","article-title":"GIP and GLP-1: stepsiblings rather than monozygotic twins within the incretin family","volume":"68","author":"Nauck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2019.170183","article-title":"Evaluation of the incretin effect in humans using GIP and GLP-1 receptor antagonists","volume":"125","author":"Gasbjerg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Peptides."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-002-0878-6","article-title":"Defective amplification of the late phase insulin response to glucose by GIP in obese Type II diabetic patients","volume":"45","author":"Vilsb\u00f8ll","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1332","article-title":"GIP does not potentiate the antidiabetic effects of GLP-1 in hyperglycemic patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"60","author":"Mentis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4810-0","article-title":"Effects of combined GIP and GLP-1 infusion on energy intake, appetite and energy expenditure in overweight\/obese individuals: a randomised, crossover study","volume":"62","author":"Bergmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0578","article-title":"No acute effects of exogenous glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide on energy intake, appetite, or energy expenditure when added to treatment with a long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist in men with type 2 diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Bergmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.08.115","article-title":"Reversal of islet GIP receptor down-regulation and resistance to GIP by reducing hyperglycemia in the Zucker rat","volume":"362","author":"Piteau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-0943-x","article-title":"Near normalisation of blood glucose improves the potentiating effect of GLP-1 on glucose-induced insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"51","author":"H\u00f8jberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S220","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.suppl_3.S220","article-title":"Stimulation of insulin secretion by intravenous bolus injection and continuous infusion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy control subjects","volume":"53","author":"Meier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(01)00662-7","article-title":"Mechanism of circadian variation in bone resorption","volume":"30","author":"Bjarnason","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2325","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2547","article-title":"Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide inhibits bone resorption in humans","volume":"99","author":"Nissen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115079","article-title":"GIP\u2019s effect on bone metabolism is reduced by the selective GIP receptor antagonist GIP(3-30)NH2","volume":"130","author":"Gasbjerg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0038","first-page":"S270","article-title":"Endogenous glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide exerts diverging and tissue specific effects in obese patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"62","author":"Stensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"209","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209ra151","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3007218","article-title":"Unimolecular dual incretins maximize metabolic benefits in rodents, monkeys, and humans","volume":"5","author":"Finan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0040","first-page":"13","article-title":"GIP: the obesity hormone.","volume-title":"Current Approaches: Obesity","author":"Marks","year":"1988"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(99)00314-8","article-title":"GIP biology and fat metabolism","volume":"66","author":"Yip","year":"2000","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1038\/nm727","article-title":"Inhibition of gastric inhibitory polypeptide signaling prevents obesity","volume":"8","author":"Miyawaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-017-0011-x","article-title":"Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity","volume":"50","author":"Turcot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2018.12.001","article-title":"Optimized GIP analogs promote body weight lowering in mice through GIPR agonism not antagonism","volume":"20","author":"Mroz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.07.013","article-title":"Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor-expressing cells in the hypothalamus regulate food intake","volume":"30","author":"Adriaenssens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.01.040","article-title":"Human GIP(3-30)NH2 inhibits G protein-dependent as well as G protein-independent signaling and is selective for the GIP receptor with high-affinity binding to primate but not rodent GIP receptors","volume":"150","author":"Gabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol."},{"issue":"19","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00256-14","article-title":"A naturally occurring GIP receptor variant undergoes enhanced agonist-induced desensitization, which impairs GIP control of adipose insulin sensitivity","volume":"34","author":"Mohammad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.02.012","article-title":"GIP(3-30)NH2 is a potent competitive antagonist of the GIP receptor and effectively inhibits GIP-mediated insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin release","volume":"131","author":"Sparre-Ulrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2265-7","article-title":"Homozygous carriers of the G allele of rs4664447 of the glucagon gene (GCG) are characterised by decreased fasting and stimulated levels of insulin, glucagon and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1","volume":"54","author":"Torekov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0050","article-title":"Enhanced agonist residence time, internalization rate and signalling of the GIP receptor variant [E354Q] facilitate receptor desensitization and long-term impairment of the GIP system","author":"Gabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol."},{"key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.07.001","article-title":"Internalization and desensitization of the human glucose-dependent-insulinotropic receptor is affected by N-terminal acetylation of the agonist","volume":"414","author":"Ismail","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2016.09.009","article-title":"Internalized receptor for glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide stimulates adenylyl cyclase on early endosomes","volume":"120","author":"Ismail","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.07.011","article-title":"The sustained effects of a dual GIP\/GLP-1 receptor agonist, NNC0090-2746, in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Frias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13764","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of an expanded dulaglutide dose range: a phase 2, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes using metformin","volume":"21","author":"Frias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab."},{"key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.03.018","article-title":"Characterization of signal bias at the GLP-1 receptor induced by backbone modification of GLP-1","volume":"136","author":"Hager","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol."},{"issue":"42","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9872","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SC02079A","article-title":"Ureidopeptide GLP-1 analogues with prolonged activity in vivo via signal bias and altered receptor trafficking","volume":"10","author":"Fremaux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2006-0178","article-title":"Caveolin-1 regulates cellular trafficking and function of the glucagon-like Peptide 1 receptor","volume":"20","author":"Syme","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03941-2","article-title":"Targeting GLP-1 receptor trafficking to improve agonist efficacy","volume":"9","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"14","key":"2021122110512311300_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3532","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143532","article-title":"A dual GLP-1\/GIP receptor agonist does not antagonize glucagon at its receptor but may act as a biased agonist at the GLP-1 receptor","volume":"20","author":"Al-Zamel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa327\/33316259\/dgaa327.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/105\/8\/e2710\/41831260\/jcem_105_8_e2710.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/105\/8\/e2710\/41831260\/jcem_105_8_e2710.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T05:52:10Z","timestamp":1640065930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/105\/8\/e2710\/5847843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa327","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]]}}}