{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T02:36:09Z","timestamp":1775097369583,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare inherited disorder predisposing the development of multiple functional and nonfunctional neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Only uncommon MEN1-associated functional NETs such as glucagonomas (&amp;lt;1%) and adenocorticotropic hormone-producing tumors (&amp;lt;5%) are known to be associated with hypercoagulability. It is unknown if patients with MEN1 generally have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We queried a prospective natural history study of germline mutation-positive MEN1 patients (n = 286) between 1991 and 2019 for all lifetime events of VTE. The search terms were: DVT, thromb, embol, PE, pulmonary embolism, clot, hematology consult, anticoagulant, coumadin, lovenox, xarelto, warfarin, aspirin, rivaroxaban, and apixaban. Incidence rates were calculated, accounting for age and sex. Comparisons were made to published incidence rates in healthy populations, different types of cancer, and Cushing\u2019s syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thirty-six subjects (median age 45 years, range 16\u201375) experienced a VTE event, yielding a prevalence rate of 12.9%. The age\u2013sex adjusted incidence rate of VTE is 9.11 per 1000 patient-years, with a sex-adjusted lifetime incidence rate of 2.81 per 1000 patient-years. MEN1-associated lifetime incidence rates are ~2-fold higher than the estimated annual incidence rate in the general population and are comparable to the known risk in the setting of various types of cancer. Approximately 80% of patients who had a VTE were diagnosed with pancreatic NETs, of which 24% were insulinomas. Fourteen patients (42%) experienced perioperative VTE events.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MEN1 patients have an increased risk of VTE. Further mechanistic investigation and validation from other MEN1 cohorts are needed to confirm the increased prevalence of VTE in MEN1.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T17:51:30Z","timestamp":1596649890000},"page":"e460-e468","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Patients With MEN1 Are at an Increased Risk for Venous Thromboembolism"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Maya E","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yashira M","family":"Ortega-Sustache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National 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Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Piaggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Cochran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William F","family":"Simonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee 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