{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:23:41Z","timestamp":1789676621173,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81570712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81570712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81670247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81670247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Outstanding Youth Foundation of Shandong Province","award":["JQ201519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JQ201519"]}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province","award":["2018CXGC1218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018CXGC1218"]}]},{"name":"Jinan Clinical Medical Science and Technology Innovation","award":["201805055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201805055"]}]},{"name":"Jinan Clinical Medical Science and Technology Innovation","award":["201704105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201704105"]}]},{"name":"Jinan Clinical Medical Science and Technology Innovation","award":["ts201712092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ts201712092"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010040","name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ts201712092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ts201712092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Graves\u2019 disease (GD) is a typical organ-specific autoimmune disease. Intestinal flora plays a pivotal role in immune homeostasis and autoimmune disease development. However, the association and mechanism between intestinal flora and GD remain elusive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association and mechanism between intestinal flora and GD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited 58 initially untreated GD patients and 63 healthy individuals in the study. The composition and metabolic characteristics of the intestinal flora in GD patients and the causal relationship between intestinal flora and GD pathogenesis were assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, targeted\/untargeted metabolomics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The composition, metabolism, and inter-relationships of the intestinal flora were also changed, particularly the significantly reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and SCFAs. The YCH46 strain of Bacteroides fragilis could produce propionic acid and increase Treg cell numbers while decreasing Th17 cell numbers. Transplanting the intestinal flora of GD patients significantly increased GD incidence in the GD mouse model. Additionally, there were 3 intestinal bacteria genera (Bacteroides, Alistipes, Prevotella) could distinguish GD patients from healthy individuals with 85% accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gut dysbiosis contributes to a Treg\/Th17 imbalance through the pathway regulated by propionic acid and promotes the occurrence of GD, together with other pathogenic factors. Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Prevotella have great potential to serve as adjunct markers for GD diagnosis. This study provided valuable clues for improving immune dysfunction of GD patients using B. fragilis and illuminated the prospects of microecological therapy for GD as an adjunct treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T12:19:37Z","timestamp":1600345177000},"page":"3526-3547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Gut Dysbiosis Contributes to the Imbalance of Treg and Th17 Cells in Graves\u2019 Disease Patients by Propionic Acid"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Xinhuan","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianlun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"State and Shandong Province Joint Key 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of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 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