{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T02:59:04Z","timestamp":1785034744009,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cardiovascular disease occurs prematurely in type 1 diabetes. The additional risk of overweight is not well characterized.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The primary aim was to measure the impact of body mass index (BMI) in youth with type 1 diabetes on cardiovascular risk factors. The secondary aim was to identify other determinants of cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Observational longitudinal study of 7061 youth with type 1 diabetes followed for median 7.3 (interquartile range [IQR] 4-11) years over 41 (IQR 29-56) visits until March 2019.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>15 tertiary care diabetes centers in the Australasian Diabetes Data Network.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Participants were aged 2 to 25 years at baseline, with at least 2 measurements of BMI and blood pressure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Standardized systolic and diastolic blood pressure scores and non\u2013high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were co-primary outcomes. Urinary albumin\/creatinine ratio was the secondary outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>BMI z-score related independently to standardized blood pressure z- scores and non-HDL cholesterol. An increase in 1 BMI z-score related to an average increase in systolic\/diastolic blood pressure of 3.8\/1.4 mmHg and an increase in non-HDL cholesterol (coefficient\u2005+\u20050.16 mmol\/L, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13-0.18; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.001) and in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Females had higher blood pressure z-scores, higher non-HDL and LDL cholesterol, and higher urinary albumin\/creatinine than males. Indigenous youth had markedly higher urinary albumin\/creatinine (coefficient\u2005+\u20052.15 mg\/mmol, 95% CI, 1.27-3.03; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.001) and higher non-HDL cholesterol than non-Indigenous youth. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion was associated independently with lower non-HDL cholesterol and lower urinary albumin\/creatinine.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>BMI had a modest independent effect on cardiovascular risk. Females and Indigenous Australians in particular had a more adverse risk profile.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T22:50:55Z","timestamp":1604011855000},"page":"133-142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Determinants of Cardiovascular Risk in 7000 Youth With Type 1 Diabetes in the Australasian Diabetes Data Network"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4448-8629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny J","family":"Couper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital and Robinson Research Institute University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy W","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perth Children\u2019s Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 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E","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Colman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth E","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perth Children\u2019s Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim C","family":"Donaghue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P Gerry","family":"Fegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P Shane","family":"Hamblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D Jane","family":"Holmes-Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Jefferies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Starship Children\u2019s Health, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Children\u2019s Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng Tuck","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australasian Diabetes Data Network, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce R","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Hunter Children\u2019s Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5998-222X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Sinnott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin 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