{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:59:59Z","timestamp":1790841599238,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/00762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00762"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The role of vitamin D status in COVID-19 patients is a matter of debate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and to analyze the possible influence of vitamin D status on disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective case\u2013control study of 216 COVID-19 patients and 197 population-based controls. Serum 25OHD levels were measured in both groups. The association of serum 25OHD levels with COVID-19 severity (admission to the intensive care unit, requirements for mechanical ventilation, or mortality) was also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 216 patients, 19 were on vitamin D supplements and were analyzed separately. In COVID-19 patients, mean\u2005\u00b1\u2005standard deviation 25OHD levels were 13.8\u2005\u00b1\u20057.2 ng\/mL, compared with 20.9\u2005\u00b1\u20057.4 ng\/mL in controls (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001). 25OHD values were lower in men than in women. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 82.2% of COVID-19 cases and 47.2% of population-based controls (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001). 25OHD inversely correlates with serum ferritin (P\u2005=\u2005.013) and D-dimer levels (P\u2005=\u2005.027). Vitamin D-deficient COVID-19 patients had a greater prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, raised serum ferritin and troponin levels, as well as a longer length of hospital stay than those with serum 25OHD levels \u226520 ng\/mL. No causal relationship was found between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity as a combined endpoint or as its separate components.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>25OHD levels are lower in hospitalized COVID-19 patients than in population-based controls and these patients had a higher prevalence of deficiency. We did not find any relationship between vitamin D concentrations or vitamin deficiency and the severity of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]],"date-time":"2020-11-07T10:21:28Z","timestamp":1604744488000},"page":"e1343-e1353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":202,"title":["Vitamin D Status in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6585-8847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 L","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain"},{"name":"University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, 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