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Altogether 812 term-born children with complete data were recruited at a maternity hospital. Children received daily vitamin D3 supplementation of 10 \u03bcg (group 10) or 30 \u03bcg (group 30) from age 2 weeks to 2 years. Anthropometry and growth rate were measured at age 1 and 2 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Toddlers born to mothers with pregnancy 25(OH)D greater than 125 nmol\/L were at 2 years lighter and thinner than the reference group with 25(OH)D of 50 to 74.9 nmol\/L (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.010). Mean 2-year 25(OH)D concentrations were 87 nmol\/L in group 10 and 118 nmol\/L in group 30 (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001). When group 30 was compared with group 10, difference in body size was not statistically significant (P\u2005&amp;gt;\u2005.053), but group 30 had slower growth in length and head circumference between 6 months and 1 year (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.047), and more rapid growth in weight and length-adjusted weight between 1 and 2 years (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.043). Toddlers in the highest quartile of 25(OH)D (&amp;gt;\u2005121 nmol\/L) were shorter (mean difference 0.2 SD score [SDS], P\u2005=\u2005.021), lighter (mean difference 0.4 SDS, P\u2005=\u2005.001), and thinner (in length-adjusted weight) (mean difference 0.4 SDS, P\u2005=\u2005.003) compared with the lowest quartile (&amp;lt;\u200581.2 nmol\/L).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D and early childhood growth may have an inverse U-shaped relationship.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T16:50:13Z","timestamp":1608569413000},"page":"e1140-e1155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation During Infancy on Growth During the First 2 Years of Life"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3487-7834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena H","family":"Hauta-alus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, HUS, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2194-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa M","family":"Holmlund-Suila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, HUS, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7081-8391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eero","family":"Kajantie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, HUS, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5419-8003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenni","family":"Rosendahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, HUS, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1096-7704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saara M","family":"Valkama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, HUS, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9057-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Enlund-Cerullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki 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