{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:26:07Z","timestamp":1762431967659,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Grant of Diabetes Poland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Higher prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is linked to exogenous insulin, especially when diabetes is diagnosed before puberty.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study evaluates the impact of prepubertal onset of T1DM and insulin therapy on PCOS diagnosis and phenotypic characteristics in women with T1DM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Patients<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We studied 83 women with T1DM (age 26 \u00b1 5 years, BMI 24 \u00b1 3 kg\/m2) 36 with premenarchal (PM) onset of T1DM [17 with PCOS diagnosed (PCOS+PM) and 19 without PCOS (noPCOS+PM)] and 47 women with postmenarchal onset of T1DM [24 with PCOS (PCOS-noPM) and 23 without PCOS (noPCOS-noPM)].<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcome Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical examination, assessment of serum sex hormones, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and ultrasonographic evaluation of the ovaries were performed in all women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Applying Rotterdam criteria, 49% of women with T1DM were diagnosed with PCOS. There were no differences in hormonal profile and ovarian parameters between PCOS+PM and PCOS-noPM. Women with T1DM+PM had higher insulin dose\/24 h and U\/kg bw\/24 h than T1DM-noPM (P-values = 0.014 and 0.001, respectively). Both PCOS+PM and noPCOS+PM groups had higher insulin dose U\/kg bw\/24 h in comparison to PCOS-noPM (P-values = 0.004 and = 0.006, respectively). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, age of menarche [odds ratio (OR): 0.672; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.465-0.971] and HbA1c (OR: 0.569; 95% CI: 0.383-0.846) were associated with the diagnosis of PCOS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were no differences in the prevalence of PCOS between T1DM+PM and T1DM-noPM; however, earlier menarche might have an influence on PCOS diagnosis in women with T1DM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T10:35:14Z","timestamp":1612780514000},"page":"1811-1820","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Influence of Prepubertal Onset of Type 1 Diabetes and Age of Menarche on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4898-0629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"\u0141ebkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Adamska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Krentowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Uruska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Rogowicz-Frontczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Araszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"O\u017cegowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infertility and Reproductive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Hryniewicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Le\u015bniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Wender-O\u017cegowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Zozuli\u0144ska-Zi\u00f3\u0142kiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of 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