{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:15:03Z","timestamp":1785410103517,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Council at Rigshospitalet, the Odd fellow order, the Anitschkow Award, European Atherosclerosis Society, Kirsten og Freddy Johansens Fond, the European Union, TransCard","award":["FP7-603091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7-603091"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>To enable prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), understanding risk factors for AMD is important.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We tested the hypotheses that elevated plasma apolipoprotein A1 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are associated with increased risk of AMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From the Danish general population, we studied 106 703 and 16 032 individuals in the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS) and the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS) with median follow-up of 9 and 32 years, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The main outcome measures were 1787 AMD in CGPS and 206 in CCHS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher concentrations of plasma apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol, and lower concentrations of LDL cholesterol, were associated with higher risk of AMD in CGPS. After multifactorial adjustment, individuals in the highest versus lowest quartile of plasma apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol had hazard ratios for AMD of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.20-1.63) and 1.22 (1.03-1.45). Corresponding hazard ratios for individuals in the lowest versus highest quartile of LDL cholesterol were 1.18 (1.02-1.37). Per 100 mg\/dL higher plasma apolipoprotein A1, 1 mmol\/L (39 mg\/dL) higher HDL, and 1 mmol\/L (39 mmol\/L) lower LDL cholesterol, the hazard ratios for AMD were 1.53(1.31-1.80), 1.19 (1.07-1.32), and 1.05 (1.00-1.11), respectively, with similar results across strata of different risk factors. Higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol were also associated with higher risk of AMD in the CCHS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated plasma apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol and lower LDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of AMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T19:57:24Z","timestamp":1613591844000},"page":"e2749-e2758","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Elevated Apolipoprotein A1 and HDL Cholesterol Associated with Age-related Macular Degeneration: 2 Population Cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Liv Tybj\u00e6rg","family":"Nordestgaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen,Denmark"},{"name":"The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev,Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Tybj\u00e6rg-Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen,Denmark"},{"name":"The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev,Denmark"},{"name":"The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg,Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4084-5027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Frikke-Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen,Denmark"},{"name":"The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev,Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1954-7220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00f8rge Gr\u00f8nne","family":"Nordestgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev,Denmark"},{"name":"The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg,Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"2021122203514688700_OP-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.15.2057","article-title":"Important causes of visual impairment in the world today","volume":"290","author":"Congdon","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021122203514688700_OP-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30393-5","article-title":"Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Flaxman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021122203514688700_OP-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-090413-025610","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration: genetics and biology coming together","volume":"15","author":"Fritsche","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet"},{"issue":"10153","key":"2021122203514688700_OP-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31550-2","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"392","author":"Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021122203514688700_OP-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12227","article-title":"Is age-related macular degeneration a manifestation of systemic disease? 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