{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:56:35Z","timestamp":1788281795034,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Excess glucocorticoids impact fetal health. Maternal glucocorticoids peak in early morning. Fetoplacental 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11\u03b2-HSD2) inactivates cortisol to cortisone, protecting the fetus from high glucocorticoids. However, time-specific alterations of human fetoplacental 11\u03b2-HSD2 have not been studied.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We hypothesized that fetoplacental 11\u03b2-HSD2 activity shows time-specific alteration and acute affective or anxiety disorders impact fetoplacental 11\u03b2-HSD2 activity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this observational study we investigated 78 pregnant European women undergoing amniocentesis (15.9 \u00b1 0.9 weeks of gestation). Amniotic fluid was collected (8:00 to 16:30 hours) for analysis of fetoplacental 11\u03b2-HSD2 activity, using cortisol (F):cortisone (E) ratio in amniotic fluid, E\/(E + F). Fetoplacental 11\u03b2-HSD2 rhythm and association with \u201cacute affective or anxiety disorder\u201d (patients with at least one of: a major depressive episode, specific phobia, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, mixed anxiety and depressive disorder) and \u201cacute anxiety disorder\u201d (one of: panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, mixed anxiety, depressive disorder), assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Activity of 11\u03b2-HSD2 correlated with time of amniocentesis, peaking in the morning (r\u2005=\u2005\u22120.398; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.001) and increased with acute affective or anxiety disorder (mean [M]\u2005=\u20050.70 vs M\u2005=\u20050.74; P\u2005=\u20050.037) and acute anxiety disorder (M\u2005=\u20050.70 vs M\u2005=\u20050.75; P\u2005=\u20050.016). These associations remained significant when controlling for confounders. 11\u03b2-HSD2 activity correlated negatively with pre-pregnancy body mass index (r\u2005=\u2005\u22120.225; P\u2005=\u20050.047).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study indicates a time-specific alteration of fetoplacental 11\u03b2-HSD2 activity with peaking levels in the morning, demonstrating a mechanism of fetal protection from the morning maternal glucocorticoid surge.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T19:16:53Z","timestamp":1614107813000},"page":"1630-1636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Rhythm of Fetoplacental 11\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 \u2014 Fetal Protection From Morning Maternal Glucocorticoids"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6687-0488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva Kathrin","family":"Lamad\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinand","family":"Hendlmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan A","family":"Wudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Feulgenstrasse 10-12, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie H","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Rietschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7492-7907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"Coenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU 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