{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:49:59Z","timestamp":1792093799768,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Artificial intelligence (AI), in particular machine learning (ML), may be used to deeply analyze biomarkers of response to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (fg-SRLs) in the treatment of acromegaly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a prediction model of therapeutic response of acromegaly to fg-SRL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with acromegaly not cured by primary surgical treatment and who had adjuvant therapy with fg-SRL for at least 6 months after surgery were included. Patients were considered controlled if they presented growth hormone (GH) &amp;lt;1.0 ng\/mL and normal age-adjusted insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels. Six AI models were evaluated: logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor classifier, support vector machine, gradient-boosted classifier, random forest, and multilayer perceptron. The features included in the analysis were age at diagnosis, sex, GH, and IGF-I levels at diagnosis and at pretreatment, somatostatin receptor subtype 2 and 5 (SST2 and SST5) protein expression and cytokeratin granulation pattern (GP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 153 patients were analyzed. Controlled patients were older (P\u2005=\u2005.002), had lower GH at diagnosis (P\u2005=\u2005.01), had lower pretreatment GH and IGF-I (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001), and more frequently harbored tumors that were densely granulated (P\u2005=\u2005.014) or highly expressed SST2 (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001). The model that performed best was the support vector machine with the features SST2, SST5, GP, sex, age, and pretreatment GH and IGF-I levels. It had an accuracy of 86.3%, positive predictive value of 83.3% and negative predictive value of 87.5%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a ML-based prediction model with high accuracy that has the potential to improve medical management of acromegaly, optimize biochemical control, decrease long-term morbidities and mortality, and reduce health services costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T03:23:13Z","timestamp":1615260193000},"page":"2047-2056","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Machine Learning-based Prediction Model for Treatment of Acromegaly With First-generation Somatostatin Receptor Ligands"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2692-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Eduardo","family":"Wildemberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit and Neuroendocrinology Research Center, Medical School and Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho\u2014Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit\u2014Instituto Estadual do C\u00e9rebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Sa\u00fade , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Helen","family":"da Silva Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropathology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do C\u00e9rebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Sa\u00fade, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renan Lyra","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropathology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do C\u00e9rebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Sa\u00fade, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula C L","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology\u2014Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School\u2014University of Sao Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina R","family":"de Castro Musolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"Nazato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit\u2014Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism\u2014Escola Paulista de Medicina\u2014Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (Unifesp), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Jallad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory\/LIM25, Discipline of Endocrinology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha K P","family":"Huayllas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrinology and Neurosurgery unit Hospital Brigadeiro, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Italo S","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Secretaria Estadual de Sa\u00fade, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evandro","family":"Portes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Assistance to the State Public Hospital, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Antonio","family":"Ribeiro-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 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S","family":"Nunes-Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, S\u00e3o Paulo State University\/UNESP, Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia Longo","family":"Mazzuco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology of Medical Clinical Department, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina Garcia Soares Le\u00e3es","family":"Rech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelma Veronica","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit and Neuroendocrinology Research Center, Medical School and Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho\u2014Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de 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