{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:23:23Z","timestamp":1762543403842,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) is an indicator of poor fetal growth \u201cprogramming\u201d an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Little is known about early-life endocrine characteristics in SGA subtypes. Stunting (short) and wasting (skinny) are considered distinct SGA phenotypes in neonatal prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This work aimed to assess whether SGA infants with stunting or wasting have similar alterations in neonatal endocrine metabolic health biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a nested case-control study based on the 3D (Design, Develop, and Discover) birth cohort in Canada. The study subjects were 146 SGA (birth weight\u2005&amp;lt;\u200510th percentile) and 155 optimal-for-gestational age (OGA, 25th-75th percentiles) infants. Stunting was defined as birth length less than the 10th percentile, and wasting as body mass index less than the 10th percentile for sex and gestational age, respectively. Main outcome measures included cord plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), proinsulin, leptin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, and ghrelin.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Comparing to OGA infants adjusted for maternal and neonatal characteristics, SGA infants with either stunting only or wasting only had lower cord plasma IGF-I and leptin concentrations. HMW adiponectin concentrations were lower in SGA infants with wasting only (P\u2005=\u2005.004), but similar in SGA infants with stunting only (P\u2005=\u2005.816). Only SGA infants with both stunting and wasting had substantially lower proinsulin (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001) and higher ghrelin concentrations (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001) than OGA infants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study is the first to demonstrate that SGA infants with wasting only are characterized by low HMW adiponectin concentrations, whereas those with stunting only are not. SGA with both stunting and wasting are characterized by low proinsulin and high ghrelin concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T04:13:10Z","timestamp":1616127190000},"page":"e3049-e3057","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cord Blood IGF-I, Proinsulin, Leptin, HMW Adiponectin, and Ghrelin in Short or Skinny Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Hua","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children\u2019s Environmental Health, Department of Behavioral Pediatrics and Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Canada"},{"name":"Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Ting","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Canada"},{"name":"Women\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Monique","family":"Nuyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Marc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU-Quebec Laval University Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City G1V 4G2, 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