{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:00:20Z","timestamp":1790744420897,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z181100001718135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z181100001718135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology\u2014China-Japan Friendship Hospital Biomedical Transformation Joint Fund Project","award":["PYBZ1804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PYBZ1804"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ultrasound (US)-guided thermal ablation has generated recent interest as minimally invasive treatments of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). But definitive evidence for the efficacy of thermal ablation in treating pHPT is not well characterized.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This work aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of thermal ablation for pHPT.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From January 2015 to March 2020, data pertaining to patients who received thermal ablation for pHPT at 4 centers were retrospectively analyzed. The median follow-up duration was 18.1 months (interquartile range, 6.5-42.2 months). A cure referred to the reestablishment of normal values of serum calcium and intact parathyroid hormone throughout the entire follow-up period, at least more than 6 months. The technical success, effectiveness, and safety of treatment were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 119 patients (mean age, 57.2\u2005\u00b1\u200516.3 years; 81 female) with 134 parathyroid nodules were enrolled. The mean maximum diameter of the parathyroid glands was 1.6\u2005\u00b1\u20050.9 cm. Ninety-six patients underwent microwave ablation (MWA), and 23 patients underwent radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The technical success rate was 98.3% and the cure rate was 89.9%. Significant differences were found in the maximum diameter between the cured patients and the patients who did not undergo ablation of the target lesions. Except for cases with pHPT nodules less than 0.6 cm in diameter, the cure rate was 95%. There were no difference in cure rates at 6 months between the MWA and RFA groups (MWA vs RFA, 90.6% vs 87.0%; \u03c7\u200a2\u2005=\u20050.275, P\u2005=\u2005.699). The volume reduction rate of the ablation zone was 94.6% at 12 months. The complication rate was 6.7% (8\/119). With the exception of one patient with persistent voice impairment, other symptoms spontaneously resolved within 6 months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thermal ablation is effective and safe for pHPT.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T05:03:15Z","timestamp":1618290195000},"page":"2707-2717","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Effectiveness and Safety of Thermal Ablation in the Treatment of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chao-yang district, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Zhong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7121-591X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Ultrasound, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Baotou 014000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Feng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Yantai 264100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Li","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chao-yang district, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Long","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chao-yang district, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9642-948X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Jing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chao-yang district, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chao-yang district, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0797-4564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-An","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chao-yang district, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10116","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31430-7","article-title":"Hyperparathyroidism","volume":"391","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1413","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement from the Fourth International Workshop","volume":"99","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.2310","article-title":"The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons guidelines for definitive management of primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"151","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3462","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1215","article-title":"The natural history of primary hyperparathyroidism with or without parathyroid surgery after 15 years","volume":"93","author":"Rubin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dgaa174","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa174","article-title":"Clinical, biochemical, and radiological profile of normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"105","author":"Palermo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1300","article-title":"Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism in two community-based nonreferral populations","volume":"98","author":"Cusano","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.142","article-title":"Parathyroid gland: is parathyroidectomy safe and beneficial in the elderly?","volume":"5","author":"Hamdy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-016-5694-1","article-title":"Focused versus bilateral parathyroid exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Jinih","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06078-y","article-title":"US-guided microwave ablation for primary hyperparathyroidism: a safety and efficacy study","volume":"29","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Radiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2018.1453552","article-title":"Feasibility of bipolar radiofrequency ablation in patients with parathyroid adenoma: a first evaluation","volume":"34","author":"Korkusuz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0011","first-page":"835","article-title":"Comparison of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation and parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-016-1544-6","article-title":"The results of ultrasonography-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in hyperparathyroid patients in whom surgery is not feasible","volume":"40","author":"Sormaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2019.0593","article-title":"Clinical study on safety and efficacy of microwave ablation for primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"21","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2020.1734673","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of US-guided thermal ablation for primary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2794-2","article-title":"Clinician\u2019s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis","volume":"25","author":"Cosman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14132958","article-title":"Image-guided tumor ablation: standardization of terminology and reporting criteria\u2014a 10-year update","volume":"273","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2014.15.6.836","article-title":"Moving-shot versus fixed electrode techniques for radiofrequency ablation: comparison in an ex-vivo bovine liver tissue model","volume":"15","author":"Ha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63299-8","article-title":"Efficacy of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of parathyroid hyperplasia: single session vs. two-session for effect on hypocalcemia","volume":"10","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016151875","article-title":"US-guided microwave ablation of hyperplastic parathyroid glands: safety and efficacy in patients with end-stage renal disease\u2014a pilot study","volume":"282","author":"Zhuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318208fed9","article-title":"The superiority of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy based on 1650 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"253","author":"Udelsman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-016-3514-1","article-title":"Outcomes of parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Singh Ospina","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2014.02.024","article-title":"Recurrent and persistence primary hyperparathyroidism occurs more frequently in patients with double adenomas","volume":"190","author":"Alhefdhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Surg Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.06.0938","article-title":"Parathyroid imaging: technique and role in the preoperative evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"188","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14949","article-title":"Potential utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the preoperative evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"38","author":"Ram\u00edrez","year":"2019","journal-title":"JUltrasound Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2020.0037","article-title":"Minimally invasive treatment for benign parathyroid lesions: treatment efficacy and safety based on nodule characteristics","volume":"21","author":"Ha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000207","article-title":"Predictors of recurrence in primary hyperparathyroidism: an analysis of 1386 cases","volume":"259","author":"Schneider","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3978","article-title":"Vitamin D treatment in primary hyperparathyroidism: a randomized placebo controlled trial","volume":"99","author":"Rolighed","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-012-0093-0","article-title":"A global representation of vitamin D status in healthy populations","volume":"7","author":"Wahl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3932","article-title":"High-intensity focused ultrasound to treat primary hyperparathyroidism: a feasibility study in four patients","volume":"195","author":"Kovatcheva","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3252-4","article-title":"US-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound as a promising non-invasive method for treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"24","author":"Kovatcheva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Radiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2020.1750712","article-title":"US-guided laser treatment of parathyroid adenomas","volume":"37","author":"Appelbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2013092","article-title":"Percutaneous sonography-guided radiofrequency ablation in the management of parathyroid adenoma","volume":"54","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Singapore Med J."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9554","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09930-7","article-title":"US-guided percutaneous radiofrequency versus microwave ablation for benign thyroid nodules: a prospective multicenter study","volume":"7","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.8442","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness of ultrasound-guided laser ablation of hyperfunctioning parathyroid adenomas: present and future perspectives","volume":"199","author":"Andrioli","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000812","article-title":"Trends in the frequency and quality of parathyroid surgery: analysis of 17\u2005082 cases over 10 years","volume":"261","author":"Abdulla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Surg."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120108545947000_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4690-y","article-title":"Complications encountered in ultrasonography-guided radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules and recurrent thyroid cancers","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Radiol."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgab240\/39070963\/dgab240.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/106\/9\/2707\/41379259\/dgab240.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/106\/9\/2707\/41379259\/dgab240.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T13:48:47Z","timestamp":1638366527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/106\/9\/2707\/6224302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgab240","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]}}}