{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:57:29Z","timestamp":1787763449341,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 ES021477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES021477"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 ES023515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 ES023515"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 ES029328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 ES029328"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P42 ES027706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P42 ES027706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the prospective associations of life-course perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exposure with glucose homeostasis at adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We calculated insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function indices based on 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests at age 28 in 699 Faroese born in 1986\u20131987. Five major PFASs were measured in cord whole blood and in serum from ages 7, 14, 22, and 28 years. We evaluated the associations with glucose homeostasis measures by PFAS exposures at different ages using multiple informant models fitting generalized estimating equations and by life-course PFAS exposures using structural equation models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Associations were stronger for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and suggested decreased insulin sensitivity and increased beta-cell function\u2014for example, \u03b2 (95% CI) for log-insulinogenic index per PFOS doubling\u2005=\u20050.12 (0.02, 0.22) for prenatal exposures, 0.04 (\u22120.10, 0.19) at age 7, 0.07 (\u22120.07, 0.21) at age 14, 0.05 (\u22120.04, 0.15) at age 22, and 0.04 (\u22120.03, 0.11) at age 28. Associations were consistent across ages (P for age interaction\u2005&amp;gt;\u20050.10 for all PFASs) and sex (P for sex interaction\u2005&amp;gt;\u20050.10 for all PFASs, except perfluorodecanoic acid). The overall life-course PFOS exposure was also associated with altered glucose homeostasis (P\u2005=\u20050.04). Associations for other life-course PFAS exposures were nonsignificant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Life-course PFAS exposure is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and increased pancreatic beta-cell function in young adults.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T06:54:00Z","timestamp":1619160840000},"page":"2495-2504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Life-course Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Relation to Markers of Glucose Homeostasis in Early Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-229X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damaskini","family":"Valvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0891-4224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kurt","family":"H\u00f8jlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent A","family":"Coull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5657-405X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flemming","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pal","family":"Weihe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, T\u00f3rshavn, Faroe Islands"},{"name":"Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, T\u00f3rshavn, Faroe Islands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4046-9658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Grandjean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122204331533100_CIT0001","volume-title":"Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls (Draft for Public Comment).","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry","year":"2018"},{"issue":"19","key":"2021122204331533100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7954","DOI":"10.1021\/es2011622","article-title":"Polyfluorinated compounds: past, present, and future","volume":"45","author":"Lindstrom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021122204331533100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1021\/es1019614","article-title":"Partition of environmental chemicals between maternal and fetal blood 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