{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:01:38Z","timestamp":1790823698414,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Federal Ministry of Education and Research"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research","award":["82DZD14A02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82DZD14A02"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking","award":["115797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115797"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013322","name":"EFPIA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Leona M.\u00a0and Harry B.\u00a0Helmsley Charitable Trust"},{"name":"German Robert Koch Insitute"},{"name":"German Diabetes Association"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Autoimmune diseases affect ~8% of the population. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is linked to other autoimmune diseases (AIDs), such as autoimmune thyroid disease or Addison\u2019s disease (AD), that may impact diabetes therapy and outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To analyze demographic and clinical characteristics of other AIDs in T1DM from a large standardized registry, the Prospective Diabetes Follow-up Registry (DPV).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We searched the registry for T1DM with the additional diagnosis of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis (HT), Graves\u2019 disease (GD), and\/or AD. T1DM with other AIDs (n\u2005=\u20056166, 5.4%) were compared with isolated T1DM (n\u2005=\u2005107 457). For group comparisons, we used multivariable regression models with age, sex, diabetes duration, migration background, and type of insulin regimen as basic adjustments (microvascular endpoints: additionally adjusted for glycated hemoglobin).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with additional AIDs were more often female (54.7 vs 32.0%, P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001) and had a longer diabetes duration (7.9 [4.2-12.5] vs 6.7 [2.7-12.9] years, P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001). After adjustment, daily insulin dosage was higher in AD and HT than in isolated T1DM (0.858\u2005\u00b1\u20050.032 and 0.813\u2005\u00b1\u20050.005 vs 0.793\u2005\u00b1\u20050.001 IU\/kg per day). Retinopathy was less common in HT (1.5%), whereas it was more frequent in GD (3.1%) than in isolated T1DM (1.8%). In both GD and HT, microalbuminuria occurred less often (10.6% and 14.3% vs 15.5%) and neuropathy (2.1% and 1.8% vs 0.8%) was more common than in isolated T1DM. All P &amp;lt; .05.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>T1DM with additional AIDs show heterogeneous differences compared with isolated T1DM. T1DM plus AD or HT requires more insulin. Further, the rate of neuropathy is higher in HT or GD, whereas the rate of microalbuminuria is lower.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T02:14:54Z","timestamp":1622600094000},"page":"e3381-e3389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Characteristics of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and Additional Autoimmune Disease in the DPV Registry"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7570-9095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Prinz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Central Institute for Biomedical Technology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sascha R","family":"Tittel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Central Institute for Biomedical Technology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Bachran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Oberhausen, Oberhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Birnbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, KABEG, LKH Villach, Villach, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Br\u00fcckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Westallg\u00e4u-Klinikum, Wangen, 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