{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T12:25:37Z","timestamp":1770899137910,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001350","name":"Ministry of Health -Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/TCR\/004-NUS\/2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/TCR\/004-NUS\/2008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/TCR\/012-NUHS\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/TCR\/012-NUHS\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>An inverse relationship between brown adipose tissue (BAT) and obesity has previously been reported in older children and adults but is unknown in young children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the influence of BAT in thermoneutral condition on adiposity and metabolic profile in Asian preschool children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 198 children aged 4.5 years from a prospective birth cohort study, Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) were successfully studied with water-fat magnetic resonance imaging of the supraclavicular and axillary fat depot (FDSA). Regions within FDSA with fat-signal-fraction between 20% and 80% were considered BAT, and percentage BAT (%BAT; 100*BAT volume\/ FDSA volume) was calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abdominal adipose tissue compartment volumes, ectopic fat in the soleus muscle and liver, fatty liver index, metabolic syndrome scores, and markers of insulin sensitivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 1% unit increase in %BAT was associated with lower body mass index, difference (95% CI), \u22120.08 (\u22120.10, \u22120.06) kg\/m2 and smaller abdominal adipose tissue compartment volumes. Ethnicity and sex modified these associations. In addition, each unit increase in %BAT was associated with lower ectopic fat at 4.5 years in the liver, \u22120.008% (\u22120.013%, \u22120.003%); soleus muscle, \u22120.003% (\u22120.006%, \u22120.001%) of water content and lower fatty liver index at 6 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher %BAT is associated with a more favorable metabolic profile. BAT may thus play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity and related metabolic disorders. The observed ethnic and sex differences imply that the protective effect of BAT may vary among different groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T16:21:19Z","timestamp":1624033279000},"page":"2901-2914","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Brown Adipose Tissue, Adiposity, and Metabolic Profile in Preschool Children"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9548-7186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mya Thway","family":"Tint","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6170-2108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Navin","family":"Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suresh Anand","family":"Sadananthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan Yinhao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chin Meng","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith M","family":"Godfrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynette Pei-Chi","family":"Shek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ngee","family":"Lek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, 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Singapore"},{"name":"Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuan Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yung-Seng","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat\u2013National University Children\u2019s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Houchun 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