{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T10:42:54Z","timestamp":1778755374195,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010319","name":"Michaelsen Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Gastroenterology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Entero-pancreatic hormone secretion has been reported during the pre-absorptive cephalic and gastric meal phases, but never with a blood sampling frequency providing a temporal resolution that allows close scrutiny and correlations with gastric emptying and glucose absorption.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We hypothesized that entero-pancreatic hormone secretion after nutrient ingestion would be rapid and correlate with gastric emptying and glucose absorption.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During 2 visits in a clinical research facility, 10 healthy young men ingested a 75-g glucose drink (OG) and a liquid mixed meal (LMM) (t = 0-2 minutes) on separate days. Acetaminophen and 3-O-methyl-D-glucopyranose (3-OMG) were added to the drinks to evaluate gastric emptying and glucose absorption, respectively. Arterialized venous blood was sampled (t = \u221230, \u221220, \u221218, \u221216, \u221214, \u221212, \u221210, \u22128, \u22126, \u22124, \u22122, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 30 minutes). Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), 3-OMG, and glucose were measured, as were serum insulin, C-peptide, and acetaminophen.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acetaminophen increased 8 minutes after OG (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.001) and LMM (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05); 3-OMG, 8 minutes after LMM (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.0001), 10 minutes after OG (P\u2005=\u20050.04); PP, 4 minutes after LMM (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.03); gastrin, 6 minutes after LMM (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.003) and OG (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.003); CCK, 6 minutes after LMM (P\u2005=\u20050.0001); GIP, 8 minutes after OG (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05) and LMM (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.03); glucose, 8 minutes after OG (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.001); 12 minutes after LMM (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.02); GLP-1, 12 minutes after OG (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01), 10 minutes after LMM (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01); insulin, 12 minutes after LMM (P\u2005=\u20050.02) and OG (P\u2005=\u20050.002); C-peptide, 12 minutes after OG (P\u2005=\u20050.002) and LMM (P\u2005=\u20050.04).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early postprandial hormone responses show characteristic differences with regard to timing and amplitude but also great individual differences. This should be considered when interpreting mean responses and designing study protocols.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T21:11:18Z","timestamp":1630703478000},"page":"e188-e204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Entero-Pancreatic Hormone Secretion, Gastric Emptying, and Glucose Absorption After Frequently Sampled Meal Tests"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0797-3417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Veedfald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens F","family":"Rehfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerrit","family":"van Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Metabolic Core Facility, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars B","family":"Svendsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-3805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens J","family":"Holst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121823150303600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019841","article-title":"Functional coupling between the active transport of glucose and the secretion of intestinal neurotensin in rats","volume":"469","author":"Dakka","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121823150303600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.291","article-title":"Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects","volume":"65","author":"Ford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121823150303600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3961","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1321","article-title":"Bile acids trigger GLP-1 release predominantly by accessing basolaterally located G protein-coupled bile acid receptors","volume":"156","author":"Brighton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121823150303600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G43","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00222.2015","article-title":"Cephalic phase secretion of insulin and other enteropancreatic hormones in humans","volume":"310","author":"Veedfald","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121823150303600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.137.8.954","article-title":"A safe and noninvasive test for vagal integrity revisited","volume":"137","author":"Balaji","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121823150303600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2009.11.009","article-title":"Cephalic phase pancreatic polypeptide responses to liquid and solid stimuli in humans","volume":"99","author":"Teff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121823150303600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018805623669","article-title":"Gastric lipase secretion after sham feeding and cholinergic blockade","volume":"42","author":"W\u00f8jdemann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121823150303600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90132-X","article-title":"Sham feeding and pancreatic secretion. 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